Detailed Explanation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology in Peach Orchards
The 6 core components of IPM technology in peach orchards: (1) Agricultural control measures for pests and diseases in peach orchards. During winter pruning, remove diseased and pest-infested branches and mummified fruit, and destroy them in a centralized manner; adjust the tree structure, improve ventilation and light penetration conditions, and strengthen tree vigor; (2) Frequency-vibration insect-killing lamp technology for trapping and killing pests. Install 1 insect-killing lamp per 3.3 hm2 of orchard, and use it from early April to mid-October, which can achieve a good insect-killing effect; (3) Sugar-vinegar basin technology for trapping and killing pests. Starting in mid-March, placing sugar-vinegar basins in the orchard has a clear effect on trapping and killing overwintering-generation adults of the peach leafminer moth; (4) Mating disruption technology using sex pheromones for pest control. From April to October, place 2 sex pheromone lures each for the peach leafminer moth and the peach fruit moth per mu in the orchard, and replace the lure cores once every 30 days, which has a continuous insect-killing effect; (5) Biological control technology for pests. Planting alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in the orchard can significantly increase the numbers of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, ladybugs, and lacewings; releasing Trichogramma has a certain control effect on the smaller fruit tortrix moth; (6) Pollution-free pesticide technology for pest and disease control. The promotion and application of IPM technology reduced the average annual pesticide use in peach orchards from 10 times to fewer than 7 times, and pesticide use decreased by more than 1/3. The reduction in pesticide use improved fruit quality, enhanced its market competitiveness, and increased comprehensive benefits by about 540 yuan per 667 m2.
The implementation of IPM technology has completely broken the traditional pattern of relying mainly on pesticides for pest and disease control, and is of great significance for effectively improving the quality of Beijing peaches and improving the orchard environment.