Introduction to the Trial Introduction of Three Pear Cultivars in Jishou City

Three pear cultivars were introduced - Huangjinli (Golden Pear), Liuyuexue, and Jinzhuguo Dongli. 1 Phenological periods The budbreak period of each cultivar was basically the same. In terms of flowering period, Jinzhuguo Dongli was the earliest, on March 26; next was Liuyuexue, while Huangjinli and Jinqiuli were relatively later, each differing by 2 days. Liuyuexue had the earliest fruit ripening period, on July 20, about 35 days earlier than the control Jinqiuli (August 26), showing early-maturing characteristics; Jinzhuguo Dongli (November 10) was the latest, about 75 days later than the control, showing very late-maturing characteristics; Huangjinli (August 15) was about 10 days earlier than the control, showing medium maturity. In terms of leaf fall period, Liuyuexue was the earliest (November 613), while the other cultivars differed little. 2 Fruit traits and fruiting characteristics The average single fruit weight of Huangjinli was 2539, the fruit was slightly oblate, yellow-green, with a smooth surface, creamy white flesh, fine and tender texture, abundant juice, pure sweet taste with aroma, small core, soluble solids content 13.9%, and superior quality. The average single fruit weight of Liuyuexue was 2259, the fruit was nearly round, yellow-green, with a smooth surface, creamy white flesh, fine and tender texture, abundant juice, sweet taste, small core, soluble solids content 12.7%, and superior quality. The average single fruit weight of Jinzhuguo Dongli was 1409, the fruit was long oval, yellow-brown, with a relatively smooth surface, relatively fine flesh, sweet-sour taste, relatively abundant juice, relatively large core, soluble solids content 13.3%, and medium quality. In terms of the number of flowers per inflorescence, Jinzhuguo Dongli had the most, at 8.9 flowers, while other cultivars had 5-8 flowers. In terms of fruit set rate, Jinzhuguo Dongli was the lowest, at 4.2%, while the other 2 cultivars differed little from the control, at around 25%. Huangjinli, Liuyuexue, and the control mainly bore fruit on short fruit branches, accounting for about 81%, while the proportion of short fruit branches in Jinzhuguo Dongli was relatively lower, at 52.9%. 3 Productivity The 3 introduced cultivars began bearing fruit in the 2nd year after planting, and Huangjinli and Liuyuexue entered full fruiting stage in the 5th year. In terms of yield per plant, Huangjinli was the highest, with a cumulative 5-year yield per plant of 37.5 kg, averaging 7.5 kg per plant per year, basically comparable to the control; Liuyuexue ranked second, with a cumulative 5-year yield per plant of 29.9 kg, averaging 6.0 kg per plant per year, 17.8% lower than the control; Jinzhuguo Dongli had lower yield, with a cumulative 5-year yield per plant of 10.8 kg, averaging 2.2 kg per plant per year, 69.9% lower than the control. 4 Growth performance The tree posture of Huangjinli was open, the tree vigor was medium, and the canopy was relatively small. The 5-year-old tree height was 195 cm, canopy diameter 249 cm, and average shoot length 11.5 cm; the tree posture of Liuyuexue was relatively upright, the branches inside the canopy were sparse, and the branches were hard and upright; the 5-year-old tree height was 285 cm, canopy diameter 291 cm, and average shoot length 12.2 cm. The canopy of Jinzhuguo Dongli was relatively large, the tree posture was semi-open, and the tree vigor was strong; the 5-year-old tree height was 320 cm, canopy diameter 290 cm, and average shoot length 51.8 cm. Huangjinli showed outstanding dwarfing of the tree body, strong early fruiting and high productivity, and high soluble solids content, with overall performance slightly better than the locally main cultivar Jinqiuli; Liuyuexue showed outstanding extremely early fruit maturity and high market price, and performed relatively well in productivity and fruiting ability, with overall performance basically comparable to Huangjinli; Jinzhuguo Dongli had strong tree vigor, very easy flower bud formation, and extremely late fruit maturity, but low fruit set rate, relatively small fruit type, and low yield, with general overall performance. In the development process, considering the rational allocation of labor at harvest and market conditions, the early-maturing cultivar Liuyuexue and the medium-maturing cultivar Huangjinli can be vigorously developed. When cultivating Huangjinli, attention should be paid to strengthening flower and fruit thinning and fertilizer and water management to prevent premature tree decline.