Introduction to the Longyuan Pear Variety and Its Main Characteristics

Longyuan Pear is a new pear variety bred in 1979 by the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences through artificial sexual hybridization. This variety is cold-resistant, of good quality, attractive in appearance, and bears fruit early. In February 2000, it passed the examination and was named by the Heilongjiang Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee. More than 200,000 trees have now been planted in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, northern Liaoning, and other places.

1. Comprehensive characteristics.

The fruit of Longyuan Pear is gourd-shaped, with an average single fruit weight of 120 grams and a maximum single fruit weight of 350 grams. The skin is light yellow, with a red blush on the sunny side; the skin is medium-thick, and the fruit dots are small and few. The flesh is milky white, fine and soft in texture, with a medium amount of juice, sweet and sour and tasty, with a slight aroma, and the stone cells are small and few, giving an above-average quality. In the Harbin area, the fruit ripens in mid-September and can be stored for 35 days.

This variety has strong cold resistance, similar to Qiuxiangcai. It has relatively strong resistance to black spot and rot. The tree vigor is moderate, the tree posture is semi-spreading, the sprouting ability is strong, and the branching ability is medium. Young trees bear fruit early; low-grafted trees can bear fruit in the third year, and high-grafted trees bear fruit in the second year. It mainly bears fruit on short fruit branches, with a few branches bearing fruit on axillary flower buds. The average yield of 5-year-old trees is 5,868 kg per hectare. Because of its good fruit shape and attractive appearance, the market price is high; at the production area in Harbin, the wholesale price is 2 yuan per kg, giving relatively high economic benefits.

2. Cultivation points

1. It can be cultivated in southern and eastern Heilongjiang in warm mountainous areas, and in most areas of Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and other provinces and regions.

2. Planting spacing: in mountainous areas (2.5-3 m) x 4 m, and on flat land 3 m x 5 m.

3. This variety has strong sprouting ability and medium branching ability. When pruning young trees, light pruning is advisable; the extension shoots at all levels should be appropriately headed back, more auxiliary branches should be retained, and attention should be paid to the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.

4. It is not self-fruitful and needs pollination trees such as Wanxiang Pear, Cuixiang Pear, and Dongmi Pear.

5. In cold areas, the saplings of this variety must be high-quality nursery stock grafted onto pure Shanli rootstock.

6. Choose plots with good microclimate conditions to establish the pear orchard; in mountainous areas, it is advisable to choose slopes that are sheltered from the wind and face the sun, where cold air can be smoothly drained away.

3. Suitable areas

Longyuan Pear has relatively strong adaptability and can be cultivated by low grafting in most areas of Jixi, Jidong, Boli, Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Fuyu, Jiaohe, Shulan in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and other provinces and cities. In some cold areas, it can be planted by high grafting.