Huangjin (Golden) Pear is a high-quality pear variety.

The Huangjin Pear was bred by crossing Niitaka and Nijisseiki, introduced to China from South Korea in the 1990s, and is suitable for growing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huai River basin. This variety has strong growth vigor and a relatively open tree habit; 1-year-old branches are greenish-brown; the leaves are large and thick, ovate or oblong, with sharp and dense serrations along the leaf margins; the leaves on young shoots are yellow-green. The fruit is round and slightly flattened, with yellow-green skin; bagged fruit is golden yellow and translucent, with thin skin, and large, sparse fruit dots, making it very attractive. The average single fruit weight is 350 g; the flesh is fine, tender and crisp, with no or very few stone cells, abundant juice, a unique flavor, and aroma. The soluble solids content is 14%, the fruit development period is about 150 days, and it ripens in mid-September. It has strong resistance to pear black spot and pear scab. It has relatively high requirements for fertilizer and water conditions, and more than 2 pollinizer varieties should be configured; suitable varieties include Niitaka, Hosui, Nijisseiki, Atago, and Emerald, etc.

1. Fertilizer and water management. The Huangjin Pear has high requirements for fertilizer and water. For planting, choose a plot with high terrain, good soil structure, and fertility. When planting, apply a heavy base fertilizer: 5000-6000 kg of decomposed pig manure per mu and 100-150 kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. Appropriately interplant green manure and leguminous crops. Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers as topdressing, and seize the three topdressing periods: before flowering, during the spring shoot rapid growth stage, and during the fruit enlargement stage. Consider foliar fertilizer spraying according to growth needs; the drainage and irrigation system should be unobstructed, with timely irrigation and drainage.

2. Flower and fruit management. The configuration of pollinizer varieties should be appropriate; each orchard should have 2-3 pollinizer varieties. Pay attention to the flower-to-fruit and leaf-to-fruit ratios; retain 1 fruit per inflorescence, and the leaf-to-fruit ratio should be maintained at 40:1. Carefully prevent alternate bearing; during the full fruiting period, control the yield at about 3000 kg per mu. To improve fruit quality and economic benefits, pay attention to bagging management. After fruit thinning and setting, promptly enclose the fruit with double-layer paper bags to minimize external stimulation of the fruit. 10-15 days before harvest, tear open the bottom of the bag for ventilation and light transmission to improve the smoothness of the fruit surface.

3. Training and pruning. Use the three-main-branch modified spindle shape or spindle shape tree form. The number of main branches per tree (large fruiting branch groups) is 12-15, and the main branches extend along a single axis. All medium and small fruiting positions are bent to horizontal. During the growing season, remove water sprouts and competing branches, and in summer and autumn promptly adjust the angle of branches on the upper side of the limb. Winter pruning is still mainly thinning branches and adjusting angles. Because the fruit quality of general branch groups declines after 2 years of fruiting, use branches on the upper side of the limb, bend them flat, and train them into fruiting branches, and pay attention to cultivating reserve branches at appropriate positions to increase and maintain the yield of trees in the full fruiting period.

4. Pest and disease control. (1) Do a good job of winter orchard sanitation. Concentrate fallen leaves and burn or deeply bury them. (2) Before fruit tree buds break, spray 1-2 times with 50-fold lime sulfur solution to kill overwintering eggs. (3) During the growing season, carry out timely pest and disease control, and use pesticides with low residual activity, such as cypermethrin-type insecticides and biological agents including abamectin, Bt, and insect growth regulators such as diflubenzuron No. 3, chlorfluazuron, and eocanthecona; for controlling scab and black spot, use polyoxin, Nongkang 120, and thiophanate-methyl, etc.