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Greenhouse jujube cultivation beautifies the countryside and enriches jujube growers

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Greenhouse cultivation of jujube trees can advance the ripening period of fresh jujubes by 40 to 60 days, and with planting in the same year, fruit is produced in the same year, with a yield of over 600 kg of jujubes per mu. By the second year, it can reach over 1500 kg. The jujube tree itself has the characteristic of producing fruit in the same year it is planted. Planting seedlings in a greenhouse raises the soil temperature, allowing roots to heal early, grow quickly, and sprout early. In addition, the suitable temperature and humidity in the greenhouse during the flowering period significantly increase the fruit-setting rate; whereas open-field jujube trees encounter dry weather during the flowering period, resulting in very few first-crop fruits setting, so the fruit weight and yield of greenhouse jujubes are significantly higher than those of open-field jujubes.

Greenhouse cultivation of jujube trees can advance the ripening period of fresh jujubes by 40 to 60 days, and with planting in the same year, fruit is produced in the same year, with a yield of over 600 kg of jujubes per mu. By the second year, it can reach over 1500 kg. The jujube tree itself has the characteristic of producing fruit in the same year it is planted. Planting seedlings in a greenhouse raises the soil temperature, allowing roots to heal early, grow quickly, and sprout early. In addition, the suitable temperature and humidity in the greenhouse during the flowering period significantly increase the fruit-setting rate; whereas open-field jujube trees encounter dry weather during the flowering period, resulting in very few first-crop fruits setting, so the fruit weight and yield of greenhouse jujubes are significantly higher than those of open-field jujubes.

I. Building the greenhouse

Greenhouses suitable for growing peaches, apricots, and vegetables can all be used directly. New greenhouses should be oriented east-west, with a length of 60 m and a north-south width of 8 to 10 m. The back wall should be made of cement blocks or brick, about 1 m thick, and the greenhouse height should preferably be 2.5 to 3 m.

II. Variety selection

Choose varieties that are dwarfed, have strong early fruiting, produce large fruit, and are high-yielding and high-quality, such as Zao Wan Mi, Liu Yue Xian, Da Gua Zao, Te Da Mi Zao, and Qi Yue Su, all of which are suitable for greenhouse cultivation.

III. Planting seedlings

Planting can be done after leaf fall. Before planting, dig a planting trench 60 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Line the trench with wheat straw and rice straw, apply sufficient organic fertilizer, mix evenly with soil, fill the trench, and water thoroughly. Select high-quality vigorous seedlings with a root crown diameter of over 1 cm and a complete root system. Head the plants at 50 to 60 cm, leaving 2 to 3 buds on branches below the heading point for short pruning. Then form ridges 1 m wide and 20 cm high, plant the jujube seedlings on the ridges with a plant spacing of 1 m and a row spacing of 2 m, planting 333 plants per mu.

IV. Covering the greenhouse

The planted seedlings undergo natural dormancy in the greenhouse for about 1 to 2 months. Around late December to early January, apply sufficient base fertilizer, water thoroughly, cover the entire greenhouse with black plastic film, and then the greenhouse can be covered.

V. Greenhouse temperature control

The greenhouse is generally covered in late December. About 20 to 30 days after covering, use the method of covering grass curtains during the day and uncovering them at night, mainly to create a low-temperature environment and break dormancy. By late January, begin raising the temperature. During the day, pull back 1/3 of the grass curtains, then later pull back 1/2 of the grass curtains, and after 10 days pull all the grass curtains back, gradually increasing the temperature. Before sprouting, control the daytime temperature at 15 to 18 degrees and the nighttime temperature at 10 to 13 degrees. During the branch-shooting and leaf-expanding stage, control the daytime temperature at 18 to 25 degrees and the nighttime temperature at 10 to 15 degrees. At the early flowering stage, 20 to 26 degrees during the day and 12 to 16 degrees at night. At the full flowering stage, 22 to 30 degrees during the day and 15 to 18 degrees at night. During the fruit development stage, 25 to 30 degrees, then gradually uncover the film to adapt to the external environment.

VI. Training and pruning

Because the front edge of the greenhouse is relatively low, a low-trunk clump form or open-center form can be used; because the back edge of the greenhouse is relatively high, a free spindle form or small-canopy delayed-open form can be used. Pruning is mainly summer pruning, chiefly pinching the jujube heads, removing upright branches, and cutting out overly dense branches. Winter pruning mainly involves short pruning of vegetative branches, cutting off thin and weak and overlapping branches, and heading back fruiting branches and vigorous branches on the main trunk to renew fruiting branch groups, so as to ensure a compact and dwarfed tree body.

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