Detailed Explanation of Key Production Management Techniques for Peaches, Pears, and Plums

1. Apply basal fertilizer well: This fertilization should be mainly organic fertilizer and should be applied before the fruit trees shed their leaves, in order to facilitate the decomposition of the organic fertilizer so that its fertilizer effect can be brought into play earlier next spring. The amount used depends on the variety, the size of the canopy, the amount of fruit produced that year, and the strength of the tree vigor. If conditions permit, apply 10-15 kg of burnt mud ash per tree. At the same time, before leaf fall, supplement with foliar topdressing to prolong the life of the leaves and improve the quality of the flower buds.

2. Do a good job of orchard sanitation: carry out comprehensive orchard sanitation, eliminate overwintering pests and diseases, and reduce the overwintering pest and disease population base.

(1) Mainly scrape off the rough bark, gummosis, and disease spots of plum branch trunk rot on the trunk, main branches, secondary main branches, and large side branches. Use 1 packet of 43% Horlic (3 ml) plus 25 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder mixed with 2.5 kg of water, or sulfur suspension concentrate stock solution (or diluted 1:1 with water) plus "402" antibacterial agent at 50-100 times, or 843 rehabilitation agent stock solution, and apply to the diseased parts; alternatively, use 1 packet of 43% Horlic plus 25 g of 50% carbendazim mixed with 15 kg of water and spray the branches and trunk.

(2) Spray the tree body and ground with lime sulfur mixture at 3-5 degrees Baume, or crystalline sulfur at 120-180 times.

(3) Whitewashing: use whitewash agent to whitewash the trunk, main branches, secondary main branches, and large side branches.

3. Winter pruning: The time can be from mid-to-late November to before bud break, and within this period, earlier is better. Cut off dead branches, diseased and pest-infested branches, thin and weak branches, crossing branches, and overlapping branches. For water sprouts, except those in suitable positions that can be converted into fruiting branch groups, they should generally be cut off from the base. At the same time, prune according to the fruiting habits of each type of fruit tree. During pruning, pay attention to the following two aspects: (1) The bud at the pruning cut of the extension leader of the main branches and secondary main branches must be an outward-facing bud. If the position of the extension leader is inappropriate (improper angle, crossing, too high), an appropriate branch can be selected for heading replacement, but the bud at the pruning cut should still be retained as above. (2) Pay attention to cultivating fruiting branch groups and fruiting base branches to increase fruiting positions. For trees with relatively large gaps in the middle and lower parts of the canopy, appropriate extension branches can be selected for heading back, leaving 3-5 plump buds at the heading position. At the same time, the fruit spur branches should also be cut back to 1-2 buds.

4. Deep plowing to improve the soil: clear ditches and channels, and mound soil around the tree base. On this basis, if conditions permit, plant as much green manure as possible. Varieties include yellow-flowered alfalfa, broad bean, Indian cowpea, Indonesian mung bean, etc.