Detailed Explanation of Key Field Management Techniques for Grapes
Grapes have a very long cultivation history and are one of the oldest fruit crops in the world. Today, grapes are also a popular fruit on the market, and they can also be processed into snacks and even the now very popular wine. Grape cultivation has certain requirements for the environment and also requires professional cultivation techniques, so today let's learn about the field management techniques for grape cultivation together.
1. Management During the Seedling Stage
Generally, field management of grapes begins after the grape seedlings are planted, and after planting, the main purposes are to improve the survival rate of the grapes and promote the growth rate of the seedlings. After the grape seedlings are planted, if there is no rainfall, then we need to water reasonably according to the degree of drought in the weather to promote the growth of new grape roots. Next, according to the growth of the grape seedlings, reasonably apply additional fertilizer to promote seedling growth, especially when the seedling leaves show yellowing, additional fertilizer should be applied to supplement nutrients. Fertilization during the seedling stage mainly follows the principle of frequent application of light fertilizer, while mainly using nitrogen fertilizer and combining it with organic fertilizer. Finally, weeds should be removed in time, generally mainly by shallow plowing, to avoid damaging the plant roots, while also pruning reasonably.
2. Management During the Growth Period
The growth period of grapes is naturally meant to promote the growth of grape vines, helping them quickly enter the flowering and fruiting stage and shortening their growth cycle. During this period, we still mainly use fertilization as the main management technique, and fertilization is still mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, while at this time it needs to be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. If the soil is deficient in calcium or other trace elements, reasonable supplemental application of micronutrient fertilizer is also needed. At this stage, there is also a very important task, which is to set up trellises and guide the grape vines onto the trellises to grow by climbing, as this can improve field ventilation and light penetration, while also reasonably pinching the tips to promote side branch growth. Finally, water reasonably according to water demand, and combine this with intertillage, as this can promote nutrient absorption.
3. Management During the Fruiting Period
Management during the fruiting period generally needs to be carried out in several steps and cannot be done all at once. First, during the spring budding stage, we need to fertilize once, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, to promote the growth of grapevine branches and leaves and budding. Second, when the grape vines bloom, apply additional fertilizer once, mainly with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, for the purpose of protecting flowers and fruits. Of course, at this time, we also need to reasonably thin flowers and fruits, which is also to increase grape yield and quality and reduce physiological fruit drop. Finally, generally when the grapes grow to about the size of soybeans, fruit-strengthening fertilizer needs to be applied, mainly foliar fertilizer, usually using borax to achieve the purpose of strengthening the fruit.
4. Management After Harvest
After the grapes are harvested, we need to clean and disinfect the field, which reduces damage from pests and diseases and can also reduce some pathogens at the source. At this stage, we can also properly prune the grapevines, and old branches, dead branches, diseased and pest-damaged branches can all be pruned off. Finally, after clearing the orchard, fertilize, mainly with compost, as this can prepare for the grapes to overwinter and for high yields the following year.
Field management of grapes is also a crucial step in grape cultivation techniques, and it is also the key to high grape yields. Today, I have briefly introduced grape field management techniques mainly from the perspective of its various growth stages, hoping it can help everyone.