What are the common diseases of avocado? A detailed explanation of prevention and control methods
Avocado is a deciduous tree distributed across various tropical regions. It contains very rich fats and is a relatively important oil crop, widely used to make butter and soap. Besides these industrial uses, avocado also contains extremely rich nutrients, such as protein and vitamins. It has a series of effects including anti-aging, breast enhancement and beauty care, which has attracted a large number of people to cultivate it. But do you know what diseases can occur during cultivation? How should these diseases be prevented and controlled? Let's take a look!
1. Spot disease
Disease characteristics: Spot disease poses the greatest threat to leaves and branches, forming many blighted spots on the surface, making them look as if they lack water, with the epidermis drying and cracking. The cracks may also allow anthracnose virus to invade. In the early stage of leaf infection, spots of varying sizes appear, and later they change color. In severe cases, the leaves and branches become entirely covered with patches, affecting growth and development and reducing yield.
Prevention and control methods: The treatment of spot disease is mainly based on prevention. After the disease occurs, agents such as azoxystrobin can be sprayed on the affected areas, which can effectively inhibit the spread of the disease.
2. Diaporthe fruit rot
Disease characteristics: Fruit rot mainly harms the fruit as well, with symptoms beginning at the mature stage and being undetectable without careful observation. After harvest, the fruit will show obvious changes, with irregularly shaped patches beginning to appear on the peel, gradually invading the flesh and the stem end. Later, a foul-smelling brown liquid flows from the diseased spots, causing the entire fruit to rot and become worthless.
Prevention and control methods: Its prevention and control methods are almost the same as the following two, mainly strengthening orchard management and removing things that do not belong in the orchard or are unfavorable to tree growth. For example, diseased and residual branches, diseased leaves and fruits, etc. Harvest time should not be chosen during rainy weather. Enhance the tree's resistance and reduce the incidence of disease.
3. Scab
Disease characteristics: Scab mainly harms the fruit. In the early stage of infection, irregular brownish, slightly raised lesions appear on the fruit surface, and later they gradually extend, with the patches gradually merging to form entire areas. Although it has no effect on the taste and quality of the avocado, it seriously affects its appearance and reduces its commercial value. It mainly occurs during the young fruit stage of avocado, with the highest incidence under low-temperature and humid conditions.
Prevention and control methods: Disinfect the orchard regularly and prune away useless branches such as excessive vegetative branches and diseased branches. To eliminate pathogens in the orchard, copper-based agents such as Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed for prevention and control.
4. Anthracnose
Disease characteristics: Anthracnose mainly harms avocado fruit, and occasionally poses a certain threat to leaves and flowers as well. In the early stage of fruit infection, roundish lesions appear, slightly sunken. If not treated in time, the lesions will rapidly extend and expand, and then all the lesions will connect. In the later stage, it causes fruit drop and rotting.
Prevention and control methods: Promptly clean up fallen dead branches, diseased and residual branches, and diseased leaves and fruits in the orchard to reduce pathogens and lower the infection and incidence rates. Avocado has relatively weak resistance, so after harvest, attention should also be paid to low-temperature storage and transportation. Prevent the occurrence of other diseases and reduce damage.
The above four are the diseases that commonly occur when growing avocado. Their prevention and control methods are actually quite similar, mainly based on prevention, promptly cleaning up harmful substances in the orchard. Do a good job of orchard cleaning in winter, and spray the whole orchard with agents to eliminate overwintering pathogens and reduce the incidence of disease in the trees the following year. To learn more related information, please continue to follow Qinnong Web!