Detailed Explanation of the Planting Methods and Cultivation Techniques of Wild Jujube
Wild jujube is mainly produced in the North China region of our country. We have all heard of red dates, green dates, winter dates, and the like, but we do not know much about wild jujube. Wild jujube was originally a wild plant, and later it was discovered by people and cultivated artificially. Among them, wild jujube juice is also a very delicious fruit juice, but it is not everyone's favorite. However, the economic value of wild jujube is very high, so how should wild jujube be planted? Let us take a look at its planting methods below.
1. Land selection and land preparation
The planting site for wild jujube is generally chosen on sunny slopes with strong light, plains, hills, and other places, and it can even be planted along roadsides. The humidity of the planting site should not be too high; it is generally required to be on the dry side, with good drainage, and it can be planted in relatively fertile loam soil. The clay content of the soil should not be too heavy, and at the same time the soil permeability should be good, and it should not be too sandy, otherwise it will reduce the soil permeability. Land preparation needs to be divided into seedling land and planting land. The soil quality of the seedling land should be finely prepared and leveled, while the soil quality of the planting land does not need to be too fine, and pit cultivation can be adopted, but sufficient base fertilizer needs to be spread in both cases.
2. Scientific sowing
Before sowing, the seeds need to be sprouted. Sowing can be carried out only when the germination rate reaches about 85 percent. At the same time, the seeds need to be mixed with chemicals. The sowing time is generally around April each year. At this time, the sowing density is about 50 cm between rows and 30 cm between plants, and either hole sowing or drill sowing can be used.
3. Seedling stage management
About one week after sowing, under normal conditions, seedlings will basically emerge, so we need to check the emergence situation in the field and promptly carry out seedling release treatment to ensure that the wild jujube seedlings can emerge safely, and water appropriately according to the specific situation, while also removing weeds from the field. When the seedlings grow to about 5 cm, thinning can be carried out, and only one plant needs to be left in each hole.
4. Transplanting and field planting
At the time of thinning, transplanting can already be carried out. We generally transplant the thinned seedlings into the field, and then when the seedlings grow to about 10 cm, formal full transplanting is carried out. Usually, field planting is done at a density of 4 to 5 m between rows and 2 to 3 m between plants. After field planting, watering should be carried out to ensure that its root system can grow and develop normally.
5. Field management
When the wild jujube seedlings grow to a height of 30 cm, we need to remove their terminal buds. This can promote the growth of side branches, thereby increasing the yield of wild jujube. Second, we also need to prune and shape the branches and leaves of the wild jujube trees irregularly. Generally, the tree crown should be made to grow relatively loose, and at the same time the permeability between branches should also be relatively good. Young wild jujube trees need to be fertilized multiple times a year, so as to promote the growth of the wild jujube trees, while adult wild jujube trees generally only need three topdressings a year, namely during the branch and leaf growth period, the flowering and fruiting period, and after fruit harvest. For the specific fertilizer application situation, you may consult. At the same time, it should be noted that reasonable flower and fruit thinning should be carried out during its flowering and fruiting period, which can increase the fruit-setting rate and reduce the fruit drop rate.
6. Pest and disease control
The most common diseases of wild jujube trees include rust disease, burnt leaf disease, and fruit shrinkage disease. For rust disease, we can use Bordeaux mixture for control; for burnt leaf disease, we can use leaf blight powder for control; and for fruit shrinkage disease, we can use fungicides for control. Second, it also has many pests and diseases, such as jujube leafroller, mites, yellow stinging moth, fruit borer, and stem borer. We need to do a good job in orchard management, reasonably use the natural habits of pests to trap and kill them, or scientifically use chemicals to poison and kill them.