How are pine nuts grown? A detailed guide to the cultivation method
Pine nuts are the fruit of the pine nut tree, and their growth cycle is relatively long. At the same time, pine nuts are higher than average in both their use value and nutritional value. They have the effects of nourishing yin and moistening the lungs, prolonging life, and treating some chronic diseases. However, at present, the seeds of pine nuts are still relatively scarce, and in recent years the demand for pine nuts has increased significantly, so it is necessary to increase the yield of pine nuts and the planting area. Today let us learn together about the cultivation method of pine nuts.
1. Land selection and land preparation
Land selection is divided into two types, namely the selection of seedling land and the selection of planting land. Seedling land is usually used for sowing and raising seedlings in sandy soil or loam soil that is relatively loose, has a fairly flat terrain, has good drainage and irrigation, and is close to a water source. For the planting land, any soil with sufficient water, fertile soil, rich organic matter, and low soil stickiness can be used for planting. When preparing the land, the soil of the seedling land should be broken up finely and leveled. The planting land can use full reclamation or hole reclamation, but base fertilizer must be applied well. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer or farm machinery fertilizer, and then other micro-fertilizers are supplemented according to the characteristics of the soil.
2. Sowing and raising seedlings
Before sowing, the seeds need to be placed in river sand for storage and germination promotion, preferably indoors, and the doors and windows indoors should be closed. At the same time, disinfection should be carried out to avoid affecting the germination efficiency of the pine nut tree. Under normal circumstances, the seeds need to be germinated in the winter of this year, and sowing is carried out in the spring of the second year. When sowing, the seedbed should be disinfected, and then the seeds should be evenly sown by drilling. Cover with a layer of plastic film or straw, etc. to keep warm. Any items used for raising seedlings must also be disinfected.
3. Seedling stage management
After sowing, we should pay attention to water management in the seedbed and water appropriately. Generally, seedlings emerge about one month after sowing. During this period, we should prevent damage to the seedlings by mice or birds. Some bait mixed with liquid medicine can be scattered in the field, and every seven to ten days, carbendazim or ferrous sulfate should be sprayed. This can enhance the immunity of the seedlings and also prevent and control diseases. Then, during the growth of the seedlings, multiple rounds of loosening soil and weeding are needed, which can promote the growth of the seedlings. Finally, when the seedlings grow to about ten cm, they can be transplanted.
4. Reasonable close planting
Because the pine nut tree must go through multiple transplants before it can grow into a large tree, the density of each transplant is somewhat different. At the first transplant, it is basically only necessary to plant according to a row spacing of thirty to forty cm and a plant spacing of about thirty cm. At the second time, planting is generally carried out according to a row spacing of sixty cm and a plant spacing of fifty cm. The third transplant is generally carried out according to a row spacing of 1.5 m and a plant spacing of 1 m. Each time, the spacing is appropriately increased. The spacing for the final planting should be maintained at a row spacing of four to five m and a plant spacing of three to four m.
5. Field management
Because the purple sweet potato [pine nut tree] needs to go through multiple transplants, its field management is relatively complex. Each time it is transplanted, the land needs to be prepared and fertilizer applied, and topdressing and watering should be carried out according to its growth conditions, as well as the most basic intertillage, weeding, and earthing up. At the same time, branch and leaf pruning and shaping must also be done to ensure the growth of the pine nut tree and its tree shape. As for the specific field management, you can consult others. The editor will not say more here.
6. Pest and disease control
The main pest of the pine nut tree is aphids, especially appearing most during the young tree stage of the pine nut tree. They not only harm the branches and leaves of the pine nut tree, but in severe cases can directly cause the death of young trees, and they mostly occur in June and July of summer. We can use dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate for control. Secondly, the pine nut tree also often suffers from needle cast disease, which is different from normal needle shedding. Normal needle shedding will not cause the pine nut tree to become bare, while needle cast disease will. When this phenomenon occurs, we can use zineb or amobam for treatment.