The six-character method for opening the main branch angle of young apple trees
In the winter pruning and training of young apple trees and trees in their first fruiting period, according to the requirements of a high-yielding tree structure, the angles of the basal main branches are: base angle 60 degrees, waist angle 65 degrees, tip angle 40-45 degrees. Ideal angles not only allow fruiting at the proper age and early high yields, but also make the tree framework strong, extend the fruiting years, and prevent premature senescence. Mast...
In the winter pruning and training of young apple trees and trees in their first fruiting period, according to the requirements of a high-yielding tree structure, the angles of the basal main branches are: base angle 60 degrees, waist angle 65 degrees, tip angle 40-45 degrees. Ideal angles not only allow fruiting at the proper age and early high yields, but also make the tree framework strong, extend the fruiting years, and prevent premature senescence. Mastering "prop, pull, weigh down" and skillfully applying "push, replace, press" to adjust the main branch angles is the foundation for young apple trees to form a high-yielding tree structure. Prop: use wooden sticks to prop between the central leader and the main branches, so as to increase the main branch angle and meet the requirements. When propping branches, whittle both ends of the stick into ">,<”形，以加强撑棍的牢固性。所用木棍粗度要大于被开张枝的粗度。也可利用本树铺养枝作撑棍(即活支柱)进行撑枝。 拉：用铁丝或绳子将角度小的主枝拉开。将铁丝或绳子一端绑在地下的木桩上。从生产实践上看，用这种方法开张角度的效果比较好。 蹬：即里芽外蹬。剪口芽留里芽，第二芽留外芽，这样，枝条抽生后，由于第一芽的枝条居上位，可逼挤下邻外芽枝条向外生长。角度加大(对树旺、成枝力强的品种也可采取双里芽外蹬)。下年冬剪时将里芽枝蔬除，外芽枝做为延长枝。 换：即背后枝换头。此法多用于主枝过粗，角度小难开张的树。换头时，如果背后枝较粗大，可一次换头。若背后枝长势较弱、细，则应留保护橛，2～3年去完成。 顶：对于角度过大的主枝，可以用木棍向上顶枝。即木棍一端触底，一端顶于主枝，缩小主枝的角度，以增强树势。 坠：主要对树上部主枝(或铺养枝)。由于枝子较高，不便采取撑、拉、顶、换、蹬的方法，可用石块或砖块绑在枝上，使枝子受坠而加大角度。 应注意的问题： 1.开张角度要因树因枝制宜，灵活运用各种方法。但无论采用哪些方法，都要防止劈裂。最好在开张之前，把被开枝条上下左右摇动，使枝条软化后再开张。 2.采用“撑、拉、坠”的方法时，凡是棍、铁丝(绳)等与枝子接触处，一定要垫上破布片或其他垫着物，保护好树皮。 3.在开张角度的同时，其他修剪措施一定要跟上。