Correct Fertilization Methods and Technical Key Points for Pear Trees
I. Fertilizer amount. Generally speaking, producing 100 kg of pear fruit requires 0.47 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.23 kg of pure phosphorus, and 0.48 kg of pure potassium, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 1:0.5:1. If calculated at a yield of 2500 kg of pears per mu, then each mu requires 11.75 kg of nitrogen, 5.75 kg of phosphorus, and 12 kg of potassium. In actual production, it can be based on...
I. Fertilizer amount.
Generally speaking, producing 100 kg of pear fruit requires 0.47 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.23 kg of pure phosphorus, and 0.48 kg of pure potassium, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 1:0.5:1. If calculated at a yield of 2500 kg of pears per mu, then each mu requires 11.75 kg of nitrogen, 5.75 kg of phosphorus, and 12 kg of potassium. In actual production, the fertilizer amount can be calculated based on the content of effective components in various fertilizers.
II. Use of trace elements.
A deficiency of trace elements easily leads to deficiency symptoms, which should be corrected promptly. For example, iron deficiency easily causes chlorosis (yellow leaf disease). During the growing season, spray 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution 1-2 times per month. After multiple sprayings, yellow leaves can turn green again. A certain amount of ferrous sulfate can also be applied to the soil in spring. Zinc deficiency easily causes little leaf disease. Before budding, spray 4-5% zinc sulfate solution, and after budding, spray 0.3-0.5% zinc sulfate solution. In addition, spraying 0.2-0.5% boric acid solution at flowering or after flowering can not only treat boron deficiency but also increase the fruit-setting rate. For young pear trees, because the root system of young trees is not well developed, fertilization should follow the principle of light fertilizer applied frequently to avoid burning the seedlings. At the same time, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to strengthen tree vigor.
III. Fertilization time.
1. Apply within 7-10 days after harvest to facilitate the recovery of tree vigor, promote photosynthesis, increase nutrients and the occurrence of autumn roots, etc., mainly with quick-acting fertilizer.
2. Apply base fertilizer from October to December, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 40-50% of the annual fertilization amount. Applying base fertilizer in autumn is very important. Taking nitrogen fertilizer as an example, in the middle and late stages of pear fruit expansion, if too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the fruit shape will be larger, but the sugar content of the fruit will decrease, the flavor will become bland, and diseases will be more severe, which does not meet the requirements of high-quality cultivation. Early June is the main period when new pear leaves begin to synthesize carbohydrates. The tree body does not need too much nitrogen, but too little nitrogen is not conducive to flower bud differentiation and will affect flowering and fruiting the following year. The best way to resolve this contradiction is to apply more organic fertilizer in autumn and winter.
3. Topdressing before and after flowering to promote flowering, fruiting, and the growth of branches and leaves. Topdressing before flowering is mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and topdressing after flowering is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
4. During the fruit expansion period, apply during the fruit expansion period of each variety, using nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in combination.