Detailed explanation of yellow peach seedling cultivation techniques, teaching you scientific seedling raising
Yellow peach seedling cultivation techniques 1. Introduction: Yellow peach saplings are seedlings of the yellow-fleshed peach type, belonging to grafted seedlings, raised by grafting onto peach seedling rootstock. Yellow peach originated in China, and many yellow peach varieties are cultivated in our country, so yellow peach saplings can be divided into three categories: first, seedlings of fresh-eating yellow peaches such as Fenghuang seedlings, Jinhuang seedlings, etc.; second,...
Yellow peach seedling cultivation techniques
1. Introduction: Yellow peach saplings are seedlings of the yellow-fleshed peach type, belonging to grafted seedlings, raised by grafting onto peach seedling rootstock. Yellow peach originated in China, and many yellow peach varieties are cultivated in our country, so yellow peach saplings can be divided into three categories: first, seedlings of fresh-eating yellow peaches such as Fenghuang seedlings, Jinhuang seedlings, etc.; second, seedlings of yellow peaches for processing such as Guan 83 seedlings, 19 Tao seedlings, Jintong series seedlings; third, seedlings of yellow peaches for both fresh eating and processing such as Jinxiu yellow peach seedlings, Huangjinguan peach seedlings, etc. The main production areas of yellow peach seedlings in our country are concentrated in Wutai Town, Pingyi County, Shandong Province, Yuncheng, Shanxi, and Dalian, Liaoning, with Wutai Town, Pingyi County being the most common, with pure varieties. From seed selection, seedling raising and grafting to pest and disease control, the process is as follows.
2. Seedling cultivation: The yellow peach nursery should choose a sandy loam plot that is convenient for irrigation and drainage, loose and fertile, and repeated cropping must be avoided. For peach seeds, wild peach or small mountain peach collected in the same year should be selected. It can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing. For autumn sowing, sow before the soil freezes; soak the sun-dried peach seeds in clean water for 48 hours and then sow directly. For spring sowing, the seeds should undergo sand storage treatment before freezing to break dormancy before sowing. Sand storage method: soak the peach pits in cold water for 48 hours, take clean river sand and mix it with water until it forms a ball when squeezed in the hand and breaks apart when touched after release. Mix 1 part seeds with 3 parts wet sand, open a trench in the open ground in a shaded place, with a trench depth of 60-70 cm, and the length and width depending on the amount of seeds; first spread a 10 cm thick layer of wet sand at the bottom of the trench, then place the seeds mixed with sand on top, piling until 10 cm from the ground surface, then spread a 10 cm thick layer of wet sand on top, and finally cover with 15 cm of soil. Sow in late March, two rows per ridge, about 30,000 seeds per mu, and strengthen fertilizer and water management in between to promote plant growth.
3. Grafting methods: Seedlings that have not been grafted are called seedling seedlings or wild seedlings. Cultivating yellow peach seedlings must involve grafting. Grafting yellow peach seedlings is divided into two types: first, finished seedlings: in early June, when the seedling seedlings grow to a height of about 60 cm, graft using the ""-shaped bark peeling bud grafting method; the scion should be selected from yellow peach varieties with excellent comprehensive traits. The grafted seedlings can grow to about 1 cm in diameter at the base by autumn and can leave the nursery in the same year. Second, bud seedlings: also called semi-finished seedlings or autumn dormant buds, usually grafted in mid-to-late August, using ""-shaped bud grafting or bark peeling and patch grafting. The grafted peach buds do not sprout again in the same year; in the following spring, cut off 1 cm above the grafted bud to cultivate large yellow peach seedlings.
4. Pest and disease control: There are not many pests and diseases on yellow peach seedlings. According to actual conditions in each area, pesticides such as triadimefon, carbendazim or zineb can be sprayed to control powdery mildew and shot hole disease on yellow peach seedlings, and imidacloprid can be sprayed to control aphids. The most important is the control of root nodule disease on yellow peach seedlings. In mid-May, use 5 kg of lime sulfur mixture (3 degrees Baume) per mu, evenly dilute it with irrigation water and pour it into the seedling field to control by root irrigation. Dichlorvos and Bordeaux mixture can cause severe phytotoxicity to yellow peach seedlings and should be strictly prohibited.
5. Planting method: Yellow peach seedlings are planted from November to before March of the following year, mainly in autumn. Plant after the peach seedlings shed their leaves and before the soil completely freezes, so that in the following spring the seedlings recover quickly and the survival rate is high. Traditional planting generally uses a row spacing of 3 m x 4 m, with 55 plants per mu. The dense planting method of Daxing Fruit Cooperative in Pingyi County, Shandong Province uses a row spacing of 1 m x 3 m, with about 220 plants per mu, adopting a single-trunk spindle tree shape, which is simple to manage, saves labor, bears early and yields well, and is more suitable for large-scale development.
6. Purchasing notes: When planting yellow peach seedlings, choose strong seedlings with well-healed graft unions and a diameter of more than 0.5 cm, requiring a well-developed root system, uniform and complete main and lateral roots, no mechanical injury, no root nodules, and no flood damage. As much as possible, purchase yellow peach seedlings from the main production area of the yellow peach variety to be planted, because only with large areas of fruiting mature trees can the use of high-quality yellow peach scions be guaranteed, thereby ensuring the purity of the yellow peach seedlings. Many nursery bases only raise seedlings, and there are no fruiting peach trees locally; the scions have to be purchased from yellow peach bases elsewhere, which simply cannot guarantee the purity of the peach seedlings. In addition, if the peach seedling scions use the node buds of peach trees propagated through multiple grafting, the quality will decline, so first-generation grafted yellow peach seedlings should be selected as much as possible, and multi-generation grafted peach seedlings should be avoided. Do not blindly believe in novel varieties advertised in some promotions. Some seedling merchants introduce a variety from elsewhere, then casually give it a name and maliciously hype it as a new variety, misleading growers. This issue must be taken seriously.