Key Points of Scientific Fertilization Techniques for Sugarcane Cultivation
Sugarcane enters the elongation stage from the time jointing begins and the average stem elongation exceeds 3 cm per ten-day period until elongation basically stops. This is also the golden season for rapid sugarcane jointing and growth, and doing a good job of field management is the key to a bumper harvest. Therefore, the following measures must be carried out well: 1. Apply heavy stem-promoting fertilizer. The sugarcane elongation stage is the period for developing large roots and...
China is one of the top three sugar-producing countries in the world. Cane sugar is also one of the necessities of people's daily life, and sugarcane is one of the main raw materials for sugar production. Because sugarcane has a well-developed root system and a long growth period (generally 10-11 months), it removes a large amount of nutrients from the soil with each crop. Therefore, when planting sugarcane, applying Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer with an effective live bacterial count of more than 500 million can improve soil structure and is very effective in increasing yield and improving soil. Base fertilizer: Applying sufficient base fertilizer allows sugarcane to sprout quickly, extend its root system rapidly, and tiller early with strong seedlings. If the base fertilizer is insufficient and only later topdressing is relied upon, the seedlings will not be strong, will easily become thick at the top and thin at the bottom, and will have a weak root base that makes them prone to lodging. Base fertilizer is generally mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Because sugarcane has a well-developed root system and a long growth cycle, supplementing with Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer can effectively improve the soil and replenish the needed fertility.
Topdressing: During the seedling stage, sugarcane has an urgent but small demand for nutrients, with a large demand for nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Although fertilizer demand is low at the sugarcane seedling stage, fertilization at this stage is crucial to sugarcane growth. If fertilization at the seedling stage is insufficient, seedlings and tillers will grow short and poorly developed, and even if fertilizer is supplemented later, it will be difficult to recover, ultimately leading to reduced yield and quality. For seedling fertilizer, highly soluble high-nitrogen fertilizer is best. Compound fertilizer is recommended, supplemented with Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer. If manure is insufficient, the fertilizer amount can be appropriately increased. When applying, it is suitable to apply directly in holes combined with intertillage and earthing up, or to apply in holes after mixing with water. In dry conditions, it should be applied in holes after mixing with water. In addition, missing plants should be checked and replanted promptly so that the population grows uniformly.
The application of tillering fertilizer for sugarcane should be determined according to specific conditions. If sufficient fertilizer was applied earlier and the sugarcane seedlings are strong, it can be applied all at once during the tillering stage, and the amount should be small. The application method is the same as for seedling fertilizer.
Sugarcane has a large demand for fertilizer during the elongation stage, accounting for more than 50% of the entire growth period, so fertilization should focus on this stage. Because phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used as base fertilizer and applied early, this stage mainly involves topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of stem fertilizer should be determined according to the land and the seedlings. If the sugarcane seedlings show signs of premature aging, it can be applied all at once. If growth is steady, it can be applied in two applications in early July and early August, with the first being heavier and the second lighter. Fertilization is generally carried out after rain or when the soil is moist, and it is suitable to combine it with weeding and earthing up. Apply the evenly mixed fertilizer in strips or holes about 10 cm beside the sugarcane clumps and cover with thick soil. Fertilizer should not be applied before heavy rain to prevent leaching by rainwater. If there is no rain for 3 days after fertilization and the loose soil around the clumps begins to dry, water should be applied promptly. If the soil is dry, drought relief should be carried out first, followed by fertilization.
Final fertilizer: Some people believe that final fertilizer should be supplementarily applied, because both the later growth of sugarcane and the underground sugarcane buds require certain nutrients. Others believe that final fertilizer should not be applied, because although sugarcane later growth requires a small amount of nutrients, these can be supplied through nutrient redistribution within the sugarcane plant and nutrients stored in the soil, as long as sufficient fertilizer was applied in the early and middle stages. In addition, the field is hot and stuffy in the later stage, making operations very difficult. We suggest that farmers should decide according to the fertility of the field. If the field is fertile and sufficient fertilizer was applied earlier, and stem fertilizer was applied according to steady-growing sugarcane seedlings, then final fertilizer may be omitted, and Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer can be directly applied by foliar spraying. If the land is poor and earlier fertilization was insufficient, an appropriate amount of final fertilizer mixed with Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer can be applied. The application time should not be too late, and the amount should not be too much, so as not to delay maturity and reduce sugar content. After application, earth up the soil. If fertilizer deficiency occurs 1 month before harvest, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed.
With the renewal of sugarcane varieties and increases in yield and multiple cropping index, the deficiency of trace elements in soil is becoming increasingly obvious. On the basis of stabilizing nitrogen, applying phosphorus, and increasing potassium, sugarcane farmers should also pay attention to supplementing medium and trace elements. Therefore, when planting sugarcane, applying an appropriate amount of Jinbaobei microbial fertilizer can use its effective live bacteria to well fix nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements in the soil.