Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Cherry Tomatoes
1 Cherry Tomato Cherry tomato is also known as grape tomato and cherry tomato. In addition to containing all the nutritional components of tomatoes, its vitamin content is 1.7 times that of ordinary tomatoes. The nutritional value of cherry tomatoes is superior to the components of ordinary tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes contain special substances such as glutathione and lycopene, and these substances can promote human...
1 Cherry Tomato
Cherry tomato is also known as grape tomato and cherry tomato. In addition to containing all the nutritional components of tomatoes, its vitamin content is 1.7 times that of ordinary tomatoes. The nutritional value of cherry tomatoes is superior to the components of ordinary tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes contain special substances such as glutathione and lycopene. These substances can promote human growth and development, especially the growth and development of children, and can increase human resistance and delay human aging. The lycopene in cherry tomatoes can protect the human body from the harmful effects of carcinogenic toxins in cigarettes and automobile exhaust, and can improve the human body's anticancer function. Lycopene in tomato products can not only prevent cancer and resist cancer. Moreover, it is small and exquisite in shape, pleasing in color, and agreeable in sourness and sweetness. Use a knife to cut a "cross" about 1/3 of the fruit length deep from the end of the fruit stalk, and mix with white sugar or honey for a better flavor. It is a famous decorative material for cold dishes and also the main dish of high-end banquets in guesthouses and large hotels. In addition, potted cherry tomatoes, with their elegant shape, have gradually been used by guesthouses, large hotels and families as ornamental potted vegetables and placed in halls. Therefore, cherry tomatoes can be called one of the modern fashionable fruits and vegetables that can "enter the kitchen and appear in the hall."
2 Cultivation Techniques
2.1 Variety selection. Select varieties with strong disease resistance, such as Purple Crystal, Red Sun and Venus.
2.2 Cultivate strong seedlings. Before sowing, first soak the seeds in a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 ~ 30 min, remove and wash them, then soak them in clean water for 4 ~ 6 h, remove and air-dry slightly, accelerate germination for 2 d, and then sow. Because the seeds are relatively expensive, nutrition pots or nutrition bags are mostly used for raising seedlings. If flat-bed broadcasting is used, it must be sown sparsely.
2.3 Apply sufficient base fertilizer and transplant at the right time. Generally, apply 5 ~ 8 m3 of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 ~ 100 kg of potassium sulfate, 200 kg of plant ash, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 500 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer per 667 m2. After deep plowing and leveling the land, form ridges according to wide and narrow rows, with a wide row spacing of 90 cm, a narrow row spacing of 60 cm, and a ridge height of 15 cm. When forming the ridges, decomposed cake fertilizer can be applied at the bottom of the ridges. Transplant when the seedlings are 15 cm high and the plants have 5 ~ 6 true leaves. The transplanting plant spacing is 40 ~ 45 cm, and 2 000 ~ 2 200 plants are planted per 667 m2.
2.4 Strengthen cultivation technique management
2.4.1 Fertilizer and water management. Water thoroughly at the bottom, and once the soil layer is slightly loose, hoe and loosen the soil to promote root development. Before the first fruit cluster sets, cultivate 2 ~ 3 times to control seedling growth. After the first fruit cluster sets, topdress and water in time, applying 15 ~ 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667 m2 each time. The interval days between fertilization and watering should be flexibly controlled according to plant growth and weather changes.
2.4.2 Pruning and vine hanging. When the first inflorescence opens, hang the vines in time with plastic string. Cherry tomatoes use the double-vine pruning method, that is, keep 1 main vine and 1 strong side vine, hang both vines at the same time, and remove all other side branches or secondary branches in time.
2.4.3 Flower spot treatment to preserve fruit, and flower and fruit thinning. The main reasons for tomato flower and fruit drop are excessively high or low temperature, insufficient light, insufficient nutrients, and uncoordinated fertilizer and water. The solution, in addition to adopting corresponding measures for the above reasons, is that hormone treatment is also a commonly used method. A concentration of 10 ~ 15 mg/kg of 2,4-D can be used to spot the flower stalk. The tomato flower stalk has 3 nodes. When spotting the flower stalk, spot the 2nd node or the 2nd internode for the best effect. If hormone is not used in home planting in winter, cross-pollination can be carried out, otherwise the plant will only grow vines and not bear fruit. During pollination, if the growing tip is accidentally broken off, it can be inserted into the soil and kept out of direct sunlight for the first few days, and it can still survive. Each fruit cluster of cherry tomatoes can set more than 30 fruits. To ensure the fruit is large and uniform and improve marketability, timely flower and fruit thinning is necessary. Generally, keeping 10 ~ 15 fruits per cluster is sufficient.
2.5 Pest and disease control. Like ordinary tomatoes, cherry tomatoes are prone to gray mold, early blight, late blight, blossom-end rot, tea yellow mites, whiteflies, etc. Control methods should mainly use agricultural cultivation and physical control, supplemented by scientific use of chemical pesticides. ① To prevent early blight, on the premise of strengthening field management, 30% chlorothalonil smoke agent and powder can be used for fumigation and dusting, or 20% mancozeb 400 ~ 500 times solution can be sprayed. ② For leaf mold, 25% thiophanate-methyl 600 times solution or 20% mancozeb 400 ~ 500 times solution can be sprayed. ③ For gray mold, 20% procymidone 1 000 ~ 1 500 times solution can be sprayed. ④ For blossom-end rot, more calcium sulfate fertilizer should be applied, and 0.5% calcium chloride solution or 1% superphosphate solution should be sprayed on the leaves; within 1 week after transplanting, use 904 plus a small amount of disease-preventing drugs such as thiophanate-methyl or chlorothalonil, then add flour (that is, 904 100 ml + drug 50 g + flour 250 g), mix with water into a paste, and apply it to the stems for good disease prevention effect. ⑤ In areas where bacterial wilt occurs, sprinkle quicklime. ⑥ In the early stage of late blight, spray 96% copper sulfate 1 000 times solution.