Detailed management measures for the three main periods of grapes
The main flowering-period diseases of grapes such as Summer Black and Red Globe are gray mold and rachis blight, both of which are fungal diseases. Gray mold, also known as bunch rot, has occurred rather severely in recent years; in heavily affected orchards it can destroy more than 70% of flower clusters, mainly harming the corolla, pedicels, rachis and newly set young...
I. The leading measure during the budbreak period is "promoting". Before May, watch out for late spring cold and prevent low temperatures. Spray 5-degree lime sulfur mixture to prevent diseases and control pests. Arrange the canes on the trellis reasonably; when bending canes, raise the angle to rejuvenate them. Comprehensively water the "budbreak water" and apply a round of quick-acting fertilizer to promote sprouting and strengthen buds. During this period the soil temperature is low, so hoe shallowly to loosen the soil, raise the soil temperature and promote vigorous shoot growth. According to tree vigor, remove buds and eliminate shade, and select and retain fruiting canes. When selecting and retaining, remove the weak and suppress the strong, keeping moderate buds. II. The leading measure during the flowering period is "controlling". From May to June, water a moderate amount once one week before flowering, and cultivate frequently to increase soil temperature. In order to concentrate nutrients to strengthen canes and clusters, when selecting and retaining fruit clusters remove the diseased, weak, dense and small ones, keep strong, large and uniformly beautiful clusters, and remove reasonably and retain evenly. To increase the fruit-setting rate, spray 0.3% borax or gibberellin at full bloom to protect flowers and fruit. After flowers fall, water the "young fruit water".
III. The leading measure during the fruit-swelling period is "promoting". From July to August, water the "timely water" and apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to support fruit swelling. Alternately spray fungicides such as Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb and phosethyl-Al to prevent and control leaf and fruit diseases such as downy mildew, black pox, white rot and ring spot. In mid-to-late July, water the "grain-filling water" and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to strengthen canes. At the same time, thin clusters and fruit in good time so as to make the clusters neat and improve fruit quality.