Autumn Mango Fertilization Management Methods and Technical Key Points
Fungal diseases. At present, 6 pathogens causing mango sooty mold have been identified in China. They damage leaves, branches and shoots, and fruit, affecting leaf photosynthesis and fruit appearance. Control methods: First, rational close planting and pruning to keep the canopy well ventilated and exposed to light. Second, focus on controlling aphids, scale insects, and flat-headed leafhoppers...
Autumn mango is a mango that flowers and fruits in autumn. The autumn mango varieties planted in various parts of Maoming City include Guixiang mango, Zihua mango and Chuan mango. Among the three varieties, Guixiang mango has better quality and flavor, Zihua mango is above average, and Chuan mango is average; they are suitable for local cultivation and show stable and high yields. To grow autumn mango well, the key lies in scientific fertilization management. That is, a distinction must be made between young trees and fruiting trees, and different fertilization management measures must be adopted accordingly. Fertilization management for young trees is mainly to promote rapid growth of new shoots and expand the canopy, laying a foundation for early fruiting and high yield. Its fertilization principle is frequent application and light application, heavier application before shoot growth and lighter application after shoot growth, gradually increasing from dilute to concentrated. In the first year after planting, starting from the resumption of growth, apply fertilizer once a month, each time applying 2.5-5 kg of manure water and 0.25 kg of urea per plant. From the second year onward, based on the shoot stage, apply shoot-promoting fertilizer well 15 days before shoot sprouting, with a larger amount; apply half a load of manure water plus 0.1-0.5 kg of urea per plant. After shoot emergence, topdressing should be carried out according to leaf color. Fertilization for fruiting trees is mainly to promote flowering and fruiting of the plants in the current year, and strive for robust autumn shoot emergence to lay a foundation for stable and high yields in the coming year. Focus on doing well with shoot-promoting fertilizer, flower-strengthening fertilizer, and fruit-strengthening fertilizer, and do a good job in protecting flowers and fruits.1. Shoot-promoting fertilizer. It should be determined according to the mango fruit load; its fertilization is to restore tree vigor as quickly as possible and produce strong autumn shoots as fruiting mother branches for the coming year. Therefore, shoot-promoting fertilizer should be applied heavily and should account for 60% of the annual fertilization amount, mainly organic fertilizer combined with quick-acting chemical fertilizer. Based on 50 kg of fruit per plant, apply 2 loads of farmyard manure, 2-2.5 kg of peanut bran, 0.5-0.75 kg of urea, 1 kg of superphosphate, and 0.5 kg of potassium chloride. Fertilization should be applied well from August to September after harvesting for early-maturing varieties and before harvesting for late-maturing varieties.
2. Flower-strengthening fertilizer. It should be applied 15-20 days before flowering, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and appropriately combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Apply 1 kg of urea, 1-1.5 kg of peanut bran, 0.5 kg of superphosphate, and 0.25 kg of potassium chloride per tree, applied well in February and March of the coming year.
3. Fruit-strengthening fertilizer. It should be applied well at the early stage of fruit enlargement after flowering, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and applied from May to June before physiological fruit drop. Apply 0.5 kg of urea, 0.25 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 2 loads of manure water per plant; foliar fertilization should also be combined so that the fruit can be thick and robust.
4. Protecting flowers and fruits. To do a good job in protecting flowers and fruits, the following three measures should be taken: (1) Remove inflorescences. This varies by variety; generally, when the inflorescence has not reached 7 cm, it should be removed. For single-embryo varieties, because their sprouting ability is relatively strong, they can be removed at flowering, and inflorescences can also sprout from axillary buds. Removing inflorescences should be done 1-2 times according to weather conditions. (2) Spray hormones. 500 ppm paclobutrazol or 1500 ppm B9 can be used, starting from early November, sprayed once every 20-30 days, for 2 consecutive sprays, which can inhibit winter shoots and has a good effect on delaying the sprouting of flower buds and leaf buds. (3) During the tender shoot stage and fruit stage, disease and pest control should be done in a timely manner to ensure normal branch and shoot growth and the plumpness of the fruit. In addition, timely pruning and shaping should be carried out, cutting off diseased and pest-damaged branches, dead branches and weak branches, and thinning dense branches at the top and outer periphery to form ventilation and air permeability and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, which is beneficial to achieving stable yield and a bumper harvest.