Detailed Explanation of Key Post-Harvest Scientific Management Techniques for Loquat
Loquat harvesting is now basically finished, and post-harvest production management directly affects tree vigor growth and next year's fruiting. Post-harvest production management of loquat should mainly be carried out in three aspects: fertilization, pruning, and pest and disease control. Apply sufficient post-harvest fertilizer. After loquat harvest, fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the development of summer shoots. The fertilizer should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, ...
Loquat harvesting is now basically finished, and post-harvest production management directly affects tree vigor growth and next year's fruiting. Post-harvest production management of loquat should mainly be carried out in three aspects: fertilization, pruning, and pest and disease control.
Apply sufficient post-harvest fertilizer
After loquat harvest, fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the development of summer shoots. The fertilizer should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Sufficient fertilizer must be applied, with the amount accounting for about 50% of the annual fertilizer application. In fertilization techniques, the following three principles should be mastered: First, according to the actual needs of loquat growth and development, make a reasonable combination of the three elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and other nutrient elements; Second, apply as much organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer as possible. Organic fertilizer should be piled and fermented for a certain period of time to remove organic acids and harmful gases and to eliminate bacteria, insect eggs, weed seeds, etc. For compound fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer and multi-element compound fertilizer should be selected; Third, select high-quality chemical fertilizers to prevent toxicity or effects on loquat from biuret in urea, heavy metals and trichloroacetaldehyde in phosphate fertilizer, and chloride ion residues in potassium chloride, etc.
Carry out pruning in time
This can not only enable the tree vigor to recover quickly, but also promote the robustness of summer shoots that sprout before late July, laying the foundation for high quality and high yield in the coming year. The amount of summer pruning should not exceed 20% of the total branch amount. Saw off 1-2 upright branches on the upper part of the tree canopy. Do not saw too many at one time; remove them year by year to promote a decrease in canopy height. Carry out renewal pruning on fruiting branches far from the main branches. For the large branches being renewed, 10-15 cm of the base should be retained and sawed at an angle to promote new shoot growth. In empty areas of the canopy, shorten water sprouts to cultivate large fruiting branch groups on scaffold branches. For fruiting branches after fruit harvest, except for those that are weakened, they should be retained as much as possible to allow them to sprout fruiting branches.
Prevent and control rot disease and leaf spot disease
Rot disease is also commonly called "foot rot." It mainly damages the root crown and main trunk, and side branches are not often affected. If the root crown and main trunk show soft rot under high humidity, or if gummosis appears when sap flow is vigorous, and when dry the bark cracks, lifts, and peels off, then it is very likely that the tree has "foot rot." In addition to strengthening cultivation and strengthening fertilizer and water management to enhance tree vigor, the control method also requires scraping off the diseased spots. It is required to scrape them clean, burn the scraped bark on the spot, and under expert guidance apply medication to promote wound healing.
Leaf spot disease is also a key disease for control. Leaf spot disease is a general term for gray spot disease, spot disease, and angular leaf spot disease. It is a major disease of loquat. In mild cases, it affects tree vigor; in severe cases, leaves become rigid and smaller, defoliation and dead branches occur prematurely, and plant growth is weakened with reduced yield. In addition to improving orchard management level, strengthening tree vigor, and improving the tree's own disease resistance, from after fruit harvest to before summer shoots sprout or at the beginning of sprouting, use 65% mancozeb 500-600 times solution, or 80% Daconil M-45 wettable powder 600 times solution, which has a preventive effect on disease occurrence. From after fruit harvest to before flower bud differentiation, use Bordeaux mixture at a concentration of 0.3-0.5% and Baume. 0.3-0.5 degree lime sulfur mixture, which can both prevent disease and supplement copper and calcium for loquat; or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times solution; or 70% thiophanate-methyl 600 times solution, etc.