How to manage greenhouse cherries well through the summer?
I. Cultivation pitfalls. In areas such as Guanzhong and Tongchuan in Shaanxi, there are some pitfalls in large cherry cultivation, mainly as follows: 1. Deep application of base fertilizer. Cherry roots are relatively shallow, and applying base fertilizer by digging trenches between rows or between plants easily damages the roots and leads to a large occurrence of Chinese cherry and ZY-1 rootstock seedlings; in addition, if the base fertilizer is not fully decomposed...
I. Focus on summer pruning. While removing the film, the canopy should be promptly headed back and heavily pruned.1. Lower the central leader. This method can reduce the overall height of each cherry tree canopy by 50-80 cm respectively, preventing the tree from growing taller and taller and affecting the ventilation and light conditions inside the greenhouse.
2. Cut back and thin out scaffold branches. Strong scaffold branches should be heavily cut back, and moderately vigorous scaffold branches should be cut back to the middle; they should be headed back to the middle or rear branching points and retrained and developed into scaffold branches.
3. Carefully prune each branch group. The various branch groups and branches growing on the scaffold branches and trunk should be carefully pruned, removing densely growing chicken-claw branches, upright branches, overlapping branches, and peripheral competitive branches, heavily short-cutting medium and long branches, and retaining flat, slanting, moderately vigorous branch groups.
4. Cultivate new fruiting branches. After heavy pruning, the tree will stimulate numerous new buds and new branches. Those in suitable positions should be trained into new scaffold branches or fruiting branch groups; those in unsuitable positions must be promptly desprouted, and the layers between should be cleared.
II. Fertilizer and water management
1. Topdressing and watering. After removing the film, fertilizer should be applied promptly. Between every two plants in each row, dig a fertilization trench 30 cm deep, 30 cm wide north-south, and 100 cm long east-west. Spread 250-300 g of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer in each trench. After backfilling with soil, restore it into a high ridge bed, cover with plastic film, and spread soil on the film and seal it tightly. When opening the trench, cut off the roots exposed after digging, renew and head back the root system to reduce root volume and control tree expansion. When digging the trench, be careful not to damage the agricultural film at the bottom of the trench. Water once while fertilizing. The second fertilization should be carried out in mid-to-late September, and a fertilization trench should be dug on the other side of the planting row. Thereafter, the operation can be alternated every year.
2. Foliar spraying. After removing the film and heading back, in combination with disease prevention and pest control, spray once every 7-15 days with a 1000-fold solution of the fruit-tree-specific "Tianda-2116" + 0.7% brown sugar + 0.3% urea, for 3-4 consecutive times. After the end of June, switch to alternating use with 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution + 0.7% brown sugar solution + 0.3% urea solution, spraying once every 7-10 days for 3-4 consecutive sprays.
III. Spray paclobutrazol. Starting in early July, spray once every 10-15 days with a 200-300-fold solution of 15% paclobutrazol, for 1-3 consecutive sprays, to inhibit excessive new shoot growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
IV. Drainage and waterlogging prevention. Cherry trees are afraid of waterlogging. Once there is standing water in the field for about 24 hours, the tree will die from flooding. Therefore, after removing the film, high ridges should still be made, and the ridge surface should be covered with plastic film to prevent waterlogging. When it rains, also pay attention to timely drainage, and strictly prohibit standing water between the rows in the greenhouse.