Organic Bayberry Cultivation Techniques, Lecture 2: Detailed Explanation of Cultivation Methods
V. Fertilization 1. Fertilization timing and amount: According to the age of the bayberry tree, growth vigor and soil conditions, adopt scientific formula fertilization. 2. For young trees, focus on "promoting" growth, emphasizing the application of quick-acting fertilizers, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio of about 1:0.8:0.8, to promote shoot growth...
V. Fertilization
1. Fertilization timing and amount: According to the age of the bayberry tree, growth vigor and soil conditions, adopt scientific.
formula fertilization.
2. For young trees, focus on "promoting" growth, emphasizing the application of quick-acting fertilizers, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio of about 1:0.8:0.8, to promote shoot growth and expand the canopy as quickly as possible, fertilizing 2-3 times a year.
3. For mature trees, focus on promoting fruiting and improving quality, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio of 1:0.3:4.
4. Base fertilizer: Every October, mainly apply decomposed barnyard manure, compost and cake fertilizer. For mature trees in sandy soil, apply 3kg of cake fertilizer plus 10kg of decomposed barnyard manure per tree; for alluvial soil and red soil, apply 3kg of cake fertilizer plus 15kg of decomposed barnyard manure per tree.
5. Fruit-swelling fertilizer: Apply in May each year before the summer shoots emerge, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. For mature trees in sandy soil, apply 5-7kg of plant ash (or 1kg of urea) plus 3kg of potassium sulfate per tree; for alluvial soil and red soil, add another 1kg of potassium sulfate.
6. Supplementary fertilizer: For mature trees showing alternate bearing, apply less in the small year and must apply in the large year. From late June to early July each year, mainly apply compound fertilizer, and strictly control the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used; generally, the application rate per tree every two years should not exceed 0.3kg. For mature trees, apply 10kg of plant ash plus 1.5kg of rapeseed cake per tree. Pay attention to the application of trace element fertilizers.
7. Fertilization method: For young trees, adopt the method of expanding the planting hole and applying fertilizer deeply year by year. For mature trees, adopt surface broadcasting and strip application, covering with soil, and avoid digging large holes or ring-shaped trenches for fertilization.
VI. Regulation of Flower and Fruit Load
1. For weak trees and trees with excessive flower buds, control the number of flower buds formed.
2. For vigorous trees and trees with too few fruit set, when summer and autumn shoots reach 1.0cm in length, use reasonable methods to inhibit summer and autumn shoot growth and promote flower bud formation.
VII. Timely Harvesting in Batches
Organic bayberry fruits do not ripen uniformly and need to be harvested in batches. Harvesting can begin when 20% of the fruit on the whole tree has ripened, generally once a day or every other day. Harvesting in the early morning or evening is preferable; avoid harvesting on rainy days or just after rain when the sky has just cleared. Organic bayberry fruits have no peel protection and are very easily bruised, so they should be picked gently, handled gently and transported gently. The harvested fruits should be placed in small bamboo baskets or small bamboo crates lined with fresh ferns or firewood and grass on the bottom and sides, packing as they are picked to reduce compression. Each basket (or hamper) should not exceed 5 kilograms, so as to keep the fruit intact, fresh and easy to sell.
VIII. Integrated Pest and Disease Management
1. Control requirements: Protect the normal growth of bayberry trees, enhance the resistance of the tree body, promote ecological balance, improve control effectiveness, control environmental pollution and save costs.
2. Control principles: According to the general policy of "prevention first, integrated control", with agricultural control as the foundation, according to the patterns of pest and disease occurrence, adapting to local and temporal conditions, reasonably apply biological control, physical and mechanical control and other measures to control pests and diseases economically, safely and effectively.
3. Control measures: Strictly implement the plant quarantine system stipulated by the state to prevent the spread and transmission of quarantine pests and diseases.
(1) In conjunction with pruning, cut off pest-infested and dead branches; after the beginning of spring, clear away fallen leaves and burn them to reduce sources of pests and diseases; strengthen cultivation management to enhance and improve tree resistance and create environmental conditions unfavorable to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
(2) Protect and utilize natural enemies, give play to the role of biological control, use beneficial organisms to eliminate harmful organisms, expand the application scope of controlling pests with insects and controlling pests with fungi, so as to maintain the natural ecological balance.
(3) Strengthen pest and disease forecasting and prediction to achieve timely and accurate control.