What are the peach tree planting techniques? A detailed explanation of cultivation and management methods
What planting techniques are there for peach trees? Peach tree planting has the following 6 technical points: 1. For graft propagation of peach trees, use wild peach as the rootstock, and the grafting method should be budding or cut grafting. 2. Peach trees are best planted in winter and spring, and can also be planted in autumn. The density is preferably 4×3 m on flat land and 3.5×2.5 m on mountain land. When they become too dense at maturity, thin them out gradually...
What planting techniques are there for peach trees?
Peach tree planting has the following 6 technical points:
1. For graft propagation of peach trees, use wild peach as the rootstock, and the grafting method should be budding or cut grafting.
2. Peach trees are best planted in winter and spring, and can also be planted in autumn. The density is preferably 4×3 m on flat land and 3.5×2.5 m on mountain land. When they become too dense at maturity, thin them out gradually. The planting hole is 80×100 cm wide and about 50 cm deep.
3. Pruning of peach trees is very important. The timing is divided into winter pruning: there are the natural open-center form, the two-main-branch open-center form, and the slanted palm-leaf fan form, etc. Summer pruning mainly focuses on pinching back to control excessive vegetative growth.
4. Some peach trees with little pollen have poor self-pollination, so other peach varieties must be planted as pollinizers. Planting two or more certain varieties together can allow cross-pollination and increase the fruit-setting rate.
5. Fertilization: mainly use organic manure, appropriately apply chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and combine with a small amount of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and iron. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, and topdress once each before flowering, during fruit enlargement, and after harvest.
6. Pest and disease control: (1) Peach brown rot: mainly harms the fruit. At first, brown round lesions appear on the fruit surface, then spread to the whole fruit, and the flesh turns brown and soft-rots. Control method: remove overwintering sources of the pathogen, control transmitters such as weevils and stink bugs, spray 4-5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture at the budbreak stage, and also use antimicrobial agents such as zineb and thiophanate.
(2) Peach anthracnose: mainly harms the fruit. It is more severe in damp, rainy conditions, with May being the peak period of infection. After young fruit is infected, it becomes mummified peach. After the fruit enlarges, water-soaked lesions expand into round, reddish-brown, sunken lesions. Control method: remove overwintering sources, spray 4-5 degrees lime sulfur mixture and antimicrobial agents such as thiophanate, carbendazim, and thiram in early spring.
(3) Peach leaf curl: overwintering pathogens invade after peach buds sprout and leaves unfold and become shriveled, twisted, and deformed. Diseased leaves become thickened and gradually turn reddish-brown. The control method is basically the same as for the above two diseases.
(4) Peach bacterial shot hole: overwintering pathogens spread through rain, wind, and insects from April to May. Leaves first show small water-soaked spots, then the lesions expand and turn reddish-brown. After the lesions dry up, they cause shot holes and leaf drop. Later they harm the fruit. The control method is basically the same as for the above three diseases.
(5) Bacterial crown gall: apples, peaches, plums, Japanese apricots, cherries, grapes, and many other fruits are susceptible. The pathogen survives in the soil, spreads with running water, soil, and insects, and enters through wounds. After nursery stock is infected, development is impeded, growth is slow, and lifespan is shortened. Control method: choose disease-free nursery land, prevent continuous cropping, cut out root galls, apply lime sulfur mixture and Bordeaux mixture to the roots to protect wounds, and soak the roots of nursery stock in fungicide for 10 minutes before planting.
(6) Peach tree rot, also known as gummosis: overwintering bacteria spread through vectors such as wind and insects, prevalent in April to May, from gummosis the size of a grain of rice to gummosis all over the trunk, until the trunk dies. Control methods include antimicrobial agents, alkaline water, gentian violet, 402, 843 rehabilitation agent, potassium permanganate, etc.
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