What are the pollution-free control methods for strawberry pests and diseases?
How to control strawberry pests and diseases in a pollution-free way? Please advise. Strawberry is a perennial herbaceous crop with high economic value, and China has a vast territory with complex and changeable climatic conditions, so the species of pests and diseases and the degree of damage vary greatly. Timely control is the key to achieving high and stable strawberry yields. Pollution-free...
How to control strawberry pests and diseases in a pollution-free way? Please advise.
Strawberry is a perennial herbaceous crop with high economic value, and China has a vast territory with complex and changeable climatic conditions, so the species of pests and diseases and the degree of damage vary greatly. Timely control is the key to achieving high and stable strawberry yields.
For pest and disease control in pollution-free production, the principle of prevention first must be implemented, with integrated control measures including agricultural, biological, physical and chemical methods. Integrated control was proposed in response to the pest and disease resistance that emerged after the long-term heavy use of organic pesticides, which caused outbreaks of some secondary pests and environmental pollution. Its purpose is to coordinate the application of pesticides with biological control and other methods, resolve the contradiction between chemical control and biological control, and use all appropriate techniques to comprehensively manage harmful organisms.
Integrated control considers ecology, controlling pest populations to a low level and maintaining them at that low level, using pests to feed natural enemies and natural enemies to control pests, and adopting multiple methods for control.
Starting from the overall ecosystem centered on pest populations and plants, with prevention first and following the principles of being safe, effective, economical and simple, it organically coordinates and applies all control measures, keeping the occurrence of pests and diseases below the economically acceptable level, so as to achieve high yield, high quality, low cost and pollution-free production.
Strawberry plants are short, with stems, leaves and fruit close to the ground, which provides good ecological conditions for infection by many pests and diseases. The high-temperature and high-humidity conditions in protected cultivation in particular are even more suitable for the breeding and damage of pathogens. To ensure the normal growth of strawberries and achieve the goals of high quality and high yield, comprehensive control measures based mainly on agricultural control should be especially emphasized.
(1) Select disease-resistant varieties
Different varieties differ in their disease resistance and the types of diseases they resist. For example, in areas with severe powdery mildew, varieties with strong resistance to powdery mildew such as Baojiao Zaosheng, Induka and Xinmingxing can be selected; Xinmingxing and Induka are resistant to snake-eye disease; Baojiao Zaosheng and Siji strawberry are relatively resistant to Verticillium wilt; Baojiao Zaosheng, Induka, Xinmingxing and Gorella are relatively resistant to red stele root rot; Xinmingxing, Fengxiang and Chunxiang are relatively resistant to Fusarium wilt; Xinmingxing, Mingbao and Spike are resistant to gray mold. Therefore, when cultivating, varieties with strong resistance to one or several diseases should be selected according to the conditions of different regions.
(2) Cultivate robust virus-free seedlings
Strawberry pests and diseases can easily begin at the seedling stage, and generally robust seedlings have strong disease resistance. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate robust virus-free seedlings. Robust seedlings meeting the requirements should be cultivated according to the seedling standards required for various cultivation types.
(3) Reduce the spread of pests and diseases
Viral diseases, red spider mites, bud nematodes and root nematodes can all be spread with seedlings. Therefore, strict quarantine must be carried out on strawberry seedlings. Seedlings subject to quarantine requirements must not be transported outward or introduced under any circumstances. Strict control of seedling transmission is a very important pest and disease control measure. Strict disinfection of seedlings and soil is one of the important measures for eliminating pests and diseases on the spot. Before and after dividing the seedlings, disinfect with 50% thiophanate-methyl or 25% carbendazim at 1,000-2,000 times dilution; disinfect the soil with solar energy. Cultivating virus-free seedlings is an important measure to prevent seedlings from carrying and transmitting pests and diseases.
(4) Strengthen cultivation management
Strengthening strawberry cultivation management can effectively suppress the occurrence of pests and diseases. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer to promote robust strawberry growth; adopt high-ridge planting and avoid excessively dense planting to improve ventilation and light conditions; appropriately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and excessive irrigation to prevent excessive vegetative growth; carry out plastic film mulching to avoid fruit contact with the soil and prevent fruit contamination and rotting; prevent high temperature and high humidity and create a good growing environment; avoid continuous cropping and repeated cropping when planting to improve the disease resistance of plants; promptly remove diseased leaves and old leaves, clear weeds in the field, keep the field clean, and eliminate sources of pathogen infection.
(5) Adopt biological and physical control
Use natural enemy insects, insect pathogenic bacteria, agricultural antibiotics, insect sex pheromones and some physical methods to control strawberry pests and diseases, with few side effects and no pollution.
1. Use natural enemies of pests to control pests First, protect natural natural enemies, reduce the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, or apply pesticides in a way that does not affect the activities of natural enemies; second, natural enemies can be released artificially, for example, in protected cultivation, the pupae and adults of the seven-spotted ladybird can be released at the appropriate time to control pests such as aphids.
2. Apply insect sex pheromones Set up a certain number of sex pheromone traps in the strawberry field to trap large numbers of adults, reduce the probability of natural mating between male and female adults, or interfere with pest mating opportunities, thereby reducing the number of pests in the strawberry field and achieving control.
3. Trap and kill according to the taxis and clustering behavior of certain pests Light and color can be used to trap and kill pests or repel them, for example, using yellow sticky boards to trap and kill aphids and whiteflies.
(6) Apply chemical pesticides rationally and control at the appropriate time
Pollution-free cultivation of strawberries does not mean that chemical pesticides cannot be used, but they must comply with the national pesticide use standards for pollution-free food production. Chemical control of pests and diseases should be based on forecasting and prediction work, grasp the degree, scope and developmental progress of pest and disease occurrence, and take timely measures. Apply pesticides at the seedling stage and early stage to improve the killing power of pesticides against pests and diseases and improve control effects; implement targeted treatment and reduce broad-scale treatment; achieve control of multiple pests with one pesticide and simultaneous control of pests and diseases. Biological pesticides, mineral pesticides and some high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides should be selected, such as Nongkang 120, polyoxin and Beauveria bassiana.
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