A Detailed Guide to Scientific Fertilization Methods and Techniques for Kiwifruit
How to fertilize kiwifruit scientifically? Please guide. Kiwifruit adapts to warm, relatively moist, slightly acidic soil, and is most afraid of heavy clay, strongly acidic or alkaline, poorly drained, overly dry, and infertile soil. Therefore, soil improvement and fertility-building measures can be taken to improve soil physical and chemical properties and create the optimal ecological environment for its growth. Nitrogen...
How to fertilize kiwifruit scientifically? Please guide.
Kiwifruit adapts to warm, relatively moist, slightly acidic soil, and is most afraid of heavy clay, strongly acidic or alkaline, poorly drained, overly dry, and infertile soil. Therefore, soil improvement and fertility-building measures can be taken to improve soil physical and chemical properties and create the optimal ecological environment for its growth.
Nitrogen nutrition and fertilization: The distribution of nitrogen in the roots, stems, leaves, fruit, cortex, and xylem of kiwifruit trees is: roots, leaves, fruit > stems; cortex > xylem; the storage sites of nitrogen in winter are the cortex of the roots and stems, and it is mainly stored in the cortex of the stems. In a kiwifruit orchard with a yield of 2000 kg/mu, the total annual nitrogen uptake by the kiwifruit tree body in the annual cycle is 14.45 kg/mu; after entering the fruit harvest period and before fruiting, a total of 2.25 kg/mu is absorbed, and during the entire fruit growth period, 12.2 kg/mu is absorbed, accounting for 15.57% and 84.43% of the total nitrogen uptake, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen absorbed during the two stages from May 18 to July 9 and from July 9 to September 8 accounted for 53.13% and 31.30% of the total nitrogen uptake, respectively. Nitrogen deficiency mostly occurs in orchards with extensive management. Therefore, when planting, it is crucial to apply sufficient nitrogen fertilizer in combination with the planting hole.
Phosphorus nutrition and fertilization: The distribution of phosphorus in the roots, stems, leaves, fruit, cortex, and xylem of kiwifruit trees is as follows: roots, leaves, fruit > stems; cortex of roots and stems > xylem. From the budbreak stage (March 28) to the beginning of fruit growth (May 18), 78.89% of the phosphorus required for kiwifruit leaf growth comes from external uptake, 4.44% comes from phosphorus stored in the roots from the previous year, and 16.67% comes from phosphorus stored in the stems from the previous year. From the beginning of fruit growth (May 18) to the end of rapid fruit expansion (July 9), the phosphorus uptake of kiwifruit trees is 55.40% of the total annual phosphorus uptake, making it the period of maximum phosphorus nutrition efficiency. The total annual phosphorus uptake by the kiwifruit tree body in the annual cycle is 2.64 kg/mu (kiwifruit yield 2600 kg/mu). According to the formula for reasonable fertilizer application for fruit trees = (fertilizer uptake - natural soil nutrient supply) / fertilizer utilization rate (%), the recommended annual application of pure phosphorus is 6.16 kg/mu. After entering the fruit harvest period (September 8) and before fruiting (May 18), a total of 0.73 kg/mu is absorbed, and during the entire fruit growth period, 1.74 kg/mu is absorbed, accounting for 29.55% and 70.45% of the total uptake, respectively.
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