What are the key technical points for high-yield management of Xuehua pear?
How should Xuehua pear be managed to achieve high yield? Please provide guidance. To grow Xuehua pear for high yield, the management methods can refer to the following: 1. Strengthen soil, fertilizer and water management. Before planting, deep plow the whole area to 60cm. At planting, apply 80kg of barnyard manure per tree. From the year of planting to the 3rd year, apply 0.2kg of special fruit tree fertilizer per tree every June, and spray urea (0.3%) on the leaves 4 times along with orchard pesticide spraying. Irrigate 2 times. Due to sufficient nutrition, the canopy expands rapidly, is robust and uniform. At 4 years old, the number of branches and buds per 666.7 sq m reaches about 10,000, laying a solid foundation for early fruiting and early high yield.
How should Xuehua pear be managed to achieve high yield? Please provide guidance
To grow Xuehua pear for high yield, the management methods can refer to the following:
1. Strengthen soil, fertilizer and water management
Before planting, deep plow the whole area to 60cm. At planting, apply 80kg of barnyard manure per tree. From the year of planting to the 3rd year, apply 0.2kg of special fruit tree fertilizer per tree every June, and spray urea (0.3%) on the leaves 4 times along with orchard pesticide spraying. Irrigate 2 times. Due to sufficient nutrition, the canopy expands rapidly, is robust and uniform. At 4 years old, the number of branches and buds per 666.7 sq m reaches about 10,000, laying a solid foundation for early fruiting and early high yield.
Starting from fruiting in the 4th year, apply fertilizer in early autumn every year, mainly chicken manure or pig manure, with an amount of more than 10,000kg; apply 0.75kg of special fruit tree fertilizer once before flowering and once in early June; in combination with orchard pesticide spraying, spray urea on the leaves 3-4 times in the early stage, and spray monopotassium phosphate (0.5%) 3-4 times in the later stage.
On the basis of ensuring pre-flowering water and freezing water, irrigate 3-4 times according to drought conditions.
2. Reasonable shaping and pruning
In the year of planting, the three basal scaffold branches are basically formed. From the 2nd year, improved spindle-shaped training begins, that is, the three basal scaffold branches are still retained, and above them is the spindle shape, with about 20 scaffold branches in the whole tree. On the basis of winter pruning, strengthen pruning during the growing season, mainly branch pulling, angle opening, shoot twisting and pinching. Generally, branches are pulled in August, with the three basal scaffold branches opened to 80-85°, and other scaffold branches opened to 90°. For upright branches, depending on the size of the surrounding space, pinch the tip when 30cm long (if the space is large) or twist the shoot (if the space is small). Control the proportion of overlong branches in the whole tree to no more than 5%, with medium and short branches accounting for more than 85%, which not only solves the light problem,
but also increases nutrient accumulation, creating favorable conditions for flower bud differentiation. This orchard has never used girdling, nor has it sprayed paclobutrazol (pp333).
3. Strictly thin flowers and fruits
Every year during the pear flower bud stage, thin the flowers, leaving one strong inflorescence every 23-26cm. After fruit set, keep the central fruit and remove all the rest. Ensure 50 leaves per fruit, so that the single fruit weight reaches more than 500g, and the extra-grade fruit rate reaches 90%.
4. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases
Adhere to the policy of "prevention first, combining prevention and control", and treat early and treat small. Spray 1 time of 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture before flowering every year; to prevent and control pear scab and other diseases, spray 200-fold Bordeaux mixture of the double-strength formula, 800-1000-fold thiophanate-methyl solution, and 800-1000-fold Fusixing fungicide 7-8 times from May to before harvest; to prevent and control yellow aphids, pear psylla, fruit borers, etc., spray insecticides 3-4 times. Over the past few years, the leaves in this orchard have been 100% intact, basically free of diseased and insect-damaged fruits, and high-quality fruits have reached 98%.
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