How to manage longan well in autumn? Master these technical points
How to manage longan well in autumn? Please give an introduction. For longan tree autumn management methods, you can refer to the following methods: 1. Restore tree vigor and enhance stress resistance. After several months of bearing fruit, longan trees have consumed a large amount of nutrients. During the 4 months of management in autumn from August to November, this is a critical period for a bumper longan harvest the following year....
How to manage longan well in autumn? Please give an introduction
For longan tree autumn management methods, you can refer to the following methods:
1. Restore tree vigor and enhance stress resistance. After several months of bearing fruit, longan trees have consumed a large amount of nutrients. During the 4 months of management in autumn from August to November, this is a critical period for a bumper longan harvest the following year. Pre-harvest fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer for longan should be applied promptly to promote the expansion of longan fruit, increase longan yield and longan quality, and at the same time restore longan tree vigor as early as possible, enhance the stress resistance of longan, and lay the foundation for high and stable longan yields next year. For the specific amount of fertilizer, taking each tree producing 100 jin of longan fruit as an example, the pre-harvest fertilizer should be mainly quick-acting fertilizer 15 days before harvest, applying 2 kg of imported compound fertilizer per tree, applied after rain or when irrigating; the post-harvest fertilizer should apply 2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 100 kg of human manure and urine per tree. For the fertilization method, dig a trench vertically below the edge of the tree canopy, 20-30 cm deep, cover with soil after application. Where conditions permit, combine with one irrigation of the orchard to increase soil moisture, improve the fertilizer absorption effect of longan trees, and accelerate the recovery of longan tree vigor.
2. Cultivate fruiting mother branches to lay the foundation for a bumper and high yield the following year. The most ideal fruiting mother branch of longan is the last mature autumn shoot, so after fruit picking, water and fertilizer management of the mother tree should be strengthened in time to promote the sprouting of autumn shoots and cultivate the autumn shoots into strong fruiting mother branches. Use water and fertilizer to control the uniformity of autumn shoot sprouting, which also facilitates orchard management and pest and disease control.
3. Pruning and training. In order to give longan trees a good canopy and improve the yield per unit area of longan, longan tree shaping and pruning should be carried out twice a year. Spring pruning should be combined with flower and fruit thinning, and autumn pruning should be combined with post-harvest pruning of the tree shape and canopy, retracting overly vigorous branches (referring to young bearing trees), and pruning away weak branches inside the canopy, branch stubs just after fruit harvest, diseased and pest-damaged branches, and crossing branches, to improve ventilation and light penetration inside the canopy, restore longan tree vigor, naturally regulate the balance of endogenous hormones in the tree, and ensure the flowering rate of longan the following year.
4. Pest and disease control. Autumn temperatures are suitable, so attention should be paid to pests such as longan psyllid, fruit borer, and Acrocercops sp. For pest control methods, after forecasting, during the peak hatching period of larvae, or at the early stage of new shoot sprouting, organize fruit growers to carry out comprehensive chemical control spraying. In combination with the control of other pests, use (1) 20% fenpropathrin 2000 times or 10% baimeike 2000 times solution for spraying; (2) 2.5% deltamethrin 2000 times solution for spraying, once every 15 days until the new shoots mature. For guisao disease, deep pruning of diseased branches should be adopted, and at the same time water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to cultivate thick and strong buds and shoots.
5. Transform low-yield orchards. In autumn, as temperatures fall, the vitality of longan roots increases. At this time, low-yield orchards and neglected orchards should be improved by protecting holes and improving soil, applying more organic fertilizer, improving orchard soil structure, increasing the soil's aeration, water retention, and fertilizer retention capacity, and enhancing soil fertility. In addition to applying sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, other trace element fertilizers required for longan growth should also be applied. Trace elements should mainly be applied by foliar spraying to ensure the needs of longan growth and development at each stage. At the same time, the soil should be loosened, longan fibrous roots renewed, root vitality improved, longan tree vigor rejuvenated, and strong fruiting mother branches cultivated, laying a good foundation for fruiting the following year.
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