How to manage winter jujube trees? Detailed explanation of key technical points
How to manage winter jujube trees? Please give guidance. The management of winter jujube trees can refer to the following methods: 1. Planting: Planting can be done from after leaf fall in autumn to before bud break in spring. For general plots, the plant-to-row spacing is 2?3 m, with 111 seedlings planted per mu, or planted at a plant-to-row spacing of 2?4 m. When planting, dig a 40-50 cm square hole; the planting depth should be based on the original soil position of the seedling in the seedbed...
How to manage winter jujube trees? Please give guidance
The management of winter jujube trees can refer to the following methods:
1. Planting: Planting can be done from after leaf fall in autumn to before bud break in spring. For general plots, the plant-to-row spacing is 2?3 m, with 111 seedlings planted per mu, or planted at a plant-to-row spacing of 2?4 m. When planting, dig a 40-50 cm square hole; the planting depth should be based on the original soil position of the seedling in the seedbed, and after firming the soil, water it; after the water seeps in, cover with plastic film to increase temperature, preserve soil moisture, and suppress alkali, then remove it before the rainy season. Before planting, soaking the roots in 50-100 ppm rooting powder can increase the survival rate by 90%. Leave a 1.5 m wide protection belt in the planting row; tall-stalk crops cannot be planted. Water promptly during drought.
2. Management: 1. Fertilizing, watering, and loosening the soil. After the young trees survive, fertilize promptly until the rainy season to promote growth, using 0.5 jin urea + 1 jin diammonium per plant, applied in 4-8 holes; water during drought; apply diammonium once more in mid-to-late August; loosen the soil and weed promptly during the growing season. Apply base fertilizer in autumn; for mature trees, generally apply 50-70 kg farmyard manure per plant, plus 1 jin urea and 1.5 jin diammonium per plant. For young trees, apply 15-25 kg base fertilizer per plant. Chemical fertilizer 0.5-1 jin per plant. Dig a ring-shaped ditch 50-60 cm deep, 40 cm wide, and 60-100 cm long on the outer periphery of the vertical projection of the canopy for deep application, mix topsoil with farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer evenly, and apply it in. After fertilizing, water heavily. 2. Training and pruning: Train the tree form into a natural spindle shape, cylindrical shape, or small-framework layered shape, with a trunk height of 70 cm, crown height of 2.5 m, and 8-12 main branches (scaffold branches), arranged in a spiral alternating pattern and evenly distributed. Select secondary branches with good orientation, angle, and growth vigor and cut them back leaving 2-3 nodes to stimulate the sprouting of new jujube heads to train as main branches (avoid using main bud branches as main branches to prevent splitting after bearing). In summer pruning, use bud removal, pinching, or branch thinning to ensure ventilation and light penetration.
3. Flower and fruit preservation: Ring cutting in the second year after planting, and ring girdling (open girdling) can be done in the third year. Time for open girdling: when 40-60% of flowers are open, width 0.4-0.6 cm; after open girdling, let the girdle dry for 7-15 days, then apply 1000x 1605 medicinal mud to control girdle borers. At the early flowering stage and full flowering stage, spray 300-800x rare earth, 10-15 ppm 920, or 500x Zaofengling to increase the fruit-setting rate; later spray 10 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid anti-drop agent to prevent fruit drop.
4. Disease and pest control: After jujube buds sprout in spring, mainly control jujube bud-eating weevils, jujube gall midges, and jujube leaf rollers; spray 1000x methamidophos solution 2-3 times. Attention should be paid to inspection and timely control; lax management can create the illusion of late sprouting. Around wheat harvest, pay attention to damage from red spiders. If there is damage, spray 2000x pyridaben. Early July, late July, and late August are peak periods of damage from peach fruit borers, and pesticide should be sprayed promptly. During the rainy season, pay attention to controlling jujube rust; spray 800x triadimefon or 1500x thiophanate-methyl.
5. Fruit harvesting: Fruit harvesting is from late September to mid-October, when coloring is above 50%. It should be done in stages and batches, handled gently, with fruit stalks retained, and stacked by grade. When picking, trim fingernails or wear thin gloves.
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