What pesticides are commonly used for Feizixiao lychee? A reference for growers on pesticide use
Which pesticides are commonly used for Feizixiao lychee? Which pesticides can control which pests? Common pesticides for Feizixiao lychee include: insecticide sprays - trichlorfon, a broad-spectrum, highly effective and low-toxicity organophosphorus pesticide. It has strong stomach and contact action, and is currently the most widely used, most effective...
Which pesticides are commonly used for Feizixiao lychee? Which pesticides can control which pests?
Common pesticides for Feizixiao lychee include:
Insecticide sprays - trichlorfon
A broad-spectrum, highly effective and low-toxicity organophosphorus pesticide. It has strong stomach and contact action, and is currently the most widely used, most effective and cheapest agent for controlling lychee stink bugs. In addition, it has good control effects on various lepidopteran larvae, adult scarab beetles and other pests that bore into fruit or feed on leaves and tender shoots. The commonly used concentration is 90% trichlorfon diluted 600-800 times. However, its effect on aphids and mites is relatively poor.
Dimethoate
A broad-spectrum, moderately toxic organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide. It has obvious systemic action and can be absorbed by various parts of the plant and transported throughout, so it is especially suitable for controlling pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts, such as thrips and aphids, and lychee eriophyid mites. The commonly used concentration is 40% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times.
Omethoate
A broad-spectrum, systemic insecticide and acaricide. It can control many pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts, especially aphids, mites and scale insects that have developed resistance to dimethoate, and has a special effect on lychee gall midge eggs and newly hatched larvae; the commonly used concentration is 40% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000-2000 times. Because it has a strong systemic action, it can be used not only as a rapid spray but also through root application, smearing, wrapping and other application methods. Omethoate is a highly toxic pesticide with a long residual period, so safety must be noted during use, and it is prohibited within 1 month before fruit harvest. It is recommended to use it preferably for winter and spring
orchard cleanup.
Phosmet
A broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide with contact, stomach and certain systemic action, moderately toxic. 25% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 800-1
000 times is commonly used to control aphids, thrips, eriophyid mites, lepidopteran larvae and others.
Methidathion (also known as supracide)
Methidathion has strong contact and stomach action. It has strong penetrating ability and can penetrate the waxy layer on the insect body surface, with a special effect on scale insects. The commonly used concentration is 40% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 600-800 times. It is a highly toxic pesticide, so safety must be noted during use, and it is prohibited within 1 month before fruit harvest
Quinalphos
A broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action but no systemic action. It has good permeability and therefore a certain ovicidal effect. It is commonly used to control lychee fruit borers, eriophyid mites and scale insects; the commonly used concentration is 25% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 800-1000 times. Quinalphos is highly toxic to bees and fish, so bee colonies must be moved away before application.
Methomyl (also known as lannate)
It is a carbamate insecticide with a broad insecticidal spectrum and rapid efficacy. It decomposes relatively quickly on crops, so its residual period is relatively short, and what is more notable is its killing power against the eggs of certain pests; it is currently especially widely used to control thrips on melons, fruits, vegetables, tobacco and other crops. For controlling lychee thrips, 24% water-soluble liquid diluted 600-800 times can be sprayed. However, methomyl is a highly toxic pesticide, so special attention must be paid to safety during application.
Bisultap
Bisultap is a new variety of organic nitrogen pesticide independently developed in China in the 1970s, and its mechanism of action, scope of application and methods of use are roughly the same as cartap. But because it is a domestically produced pesticide with a low price, it is very popular. In lychee production, 25% aqueous solution diluted 500 times is commonly used to control fruit borers, leafminer moths, tortricid moths, red-headed stem borers, thrips, aphids, eriophyid mites, gall midges and many other pests.
Cartap (also known as padan, thiocarb)
Cartap is a derivative of nereistoxin, with strong stomach action and also contact action and certain antifeedant and ovicidal effects. It has a broad insecticidal spectrum and can be widely used to control lepidopteran, coleopteran, hemipteran, dipteran and many other pests on grain crops, fruits, vegetables and many other crops. Because cartap's insecticidal mechanism is to block conduction in the insect nervous system, which is completely different from the mechanisms of organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, it is especially suitable for controlling pests that have developed resistance to these types of pesticides. Cartap has good systemic action, and in addition to spraying, it can also be applied to the root zone. Although cartap is moderately toxic, it is highly toxic to silkworms and fish, so it is generally not suitable for use in sericulture and fish-farming areas. In lychee-producing areas, 50% wettable powder diluted 500-800 times is commonly used to control tortricid moths, red-headed stem borers, thrips and others.
Fenvalerate (also known as sumicidin, fenvalerate)
A pyrethroid insecticide, broad-spectrum, highly effective, moderately toxic, with strong contact action, rapid action on pests and strong knockdown power, and very good control effects on lepidopteran larvae and pests of Homoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Diptera, but ineffective against mites and scale insects. It can be used to control lychee lycaenid butterfly, geometrid moth, slug caterpillar and other larvae, with the commonly used concentration being 20% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 5000-8000 times. Because fenvalerate has been used for a long time, quite a few insect species have developed resistance to it, and it is highly lethal to natural enemy insects such as parasitic wasps, so careful selection must be made in actual use.
Deltamethrin (kaimubao)
A pyrethroid insecticide that, in addition to strong contact and stomach action, also has certain repellent and antifeedant effects. Its other characteristics are similar to those of fenvalerate. Mixed use of deltamethrin and dichlorvos has a special effect on controlling adult scarab beetles. The commonly used concentration is 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 2500-5000 times.
Cypermethrin (also known as xingmianbao, anlubao, miebaike, baishida)
A pyrethroid insecticide. It is stable to light and heat, so its performance is relatively stable during storage, and its residual period after field application is relatively long. It has good effects on controlling pests that have developed resistance to organophosphorus pesticides, and its other characteristics are similar to those of fenvalerate. Cypermethrin has a special effect on lychee fruit borers, leafminer moths, tortricid moths and others, with the commonly used concentration being 10% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1500-300 times.
Lime sulfur mixture
Made by boiling lime and sulfur with water; the liquid is reddish-brown and has a rotten-egg smell. The active ingredient is calcium polysulfide, which can kill insects and mites and also control fungi, and can be used to control scale insects, mites, powdery mildew, anthracnose and others. Because it has the advantages of cheap raw materials, easy preparation, difficulty for pests and diseases to develop resistance, and a relatively long duration of effect, it is commonly used as an orchard winter and spring cleanup agent. The concentration used varies with the season: 1-2 degrees Baume for winter and spring cleanup, 0.2-0.4 degrees Baume in autumn, and it should not be used during high temperatures in summer to avoid possible phytotoxicity to crops. Lime sulfur mixture is strongly alkaline, so it cannot be mixed with other pesticides.
Fumigant insecticides
Dichlorvos
A broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, moderately toxic to humans and livestock, and safe for plants. Dichlorvos is highly volatile and has strong fumigant action on pests, so it can be used to control boring pests. Using 80% emulsifiable concentrate
20-30 times diluted solution injected into boreholes can fumigate and kill larvae such as tortoise-back longhorn beetles and wood leopard moths. Dichlorvos also has good contact and stomach action, so it can also be diluted and sprayed to control many pests with piercing-sucking or chewing mouthparts. Commonly used
80% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times to control white moth planthoppers, lychee fruit borers, tortricid moths, red-headed stem borers, geometrid moths and other lepidopteran larvae.
Aluminum phosphide
Aluminum phosphide can absorb moisture from the air and decompose on its own, releasing phosphine gas with strong insecticidal action. Insert 0.1-0.2 g of 56% aluminum phosphide tablets into the boreholes of tortoise-back longhorn beetles or wood leopard moth larvae, seal the opening, and after 3-5 days the pests in the boreholes can be killed. Aluminum phosphide is a highly toxic pesticide, so a designated person must be responsible during use and safety protection must be strictly observed. During storage it must be placed in a dry, sealed container.
Keniuling capsules
Keniuling capsule preparation is a new formulation developed in recent years by Beijing Agricultural College specifically for controlling wood-boring pests of forest trees, and its main active ingredient is zinc phosphide. During use, one only needs to manage to insert all or most of the capsule into the borehole; after the capsule absorbs moisture, the zinc phosphide inside reacts with adjuvants, water and carbon dioxide, slowly releasing highly toxic phosphine gas, which spreads along the borehole and kills the pests. After large-area, multi-point trials, using Keniuling capsules to control lychee carpenter moths, acacia carpenter moths, coffee leopard moths and tortoise-back longhorn beetle larvae, as long as the application method is appropriate, can achieve a control effect of more than 95%. Although zinc phosphide is a highly toxic pesticide, because it is wrapped in a medical capsule on the outside, it is still very safe and convenient to use. However, it must absolutely not be exposed to moisture or taken by mistake, and during storage attention must be paid to a sealed and dry environment.
Soil insecticides
Phoxim
A highly effective, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum insecticide with contact and stomach action. Its duration of effect when covered in soil can reach 1-3 months, making it most suitable for controlling underground pests such as white grubs, termites and mole crickets. Research has proven that it has relatively high control effects on lychee gall midge larvae that enter the soil, pupae and adults that emerge from the soil. The commonly used amount is 2.5-3 kg of 5% granules per mu or 500 g of 50% emulsifiable concentrate. Because it is strongly photodegraded, its residual period when sprayed on the ground surface is very short, so it is also very suitable for controlling pests on the aboveground parts of fruit, vegetable and other crops; 50% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times is commonly sprayed, and it has good control effects on many lepidopteran larvae that feed on leaves and shoots.
Carbofuran (also known as furadan)
A broad-spectrum insecticide and nematicide with outstanding systemic action and also contact and stomach action. Its duration of effect in soil is as long as 40-60 days, so it is especially suitable for treating the soil of seedbeds and planting holes, seed treatment and root-zone application to crops. It has significant effects on controlling white grubs, mole crickets, cutworms, wireworms and many other soil-dwelling pests and nematodes. The commonly used amount is 2.5-3 kg of 3% granules per mu. Carbofuran is a highly toxic pesticide, so safety protection measures must be strictly implemented during transport, storage and use. It is also strictly prohibited to apply it on vegetables, strictly prohibited to apply it during the fruiting period, strictly prohibited to make it into a suspension for spraying, and strictly prohibited to allow the pesticide to seep into wells or fish ponds.
Isofenphos-methyl
A broad-spectrum soil insecticide commonly used in China at present, with strong contact and stomach action, and significant effects on controlling underground pests such as white grubs, mole crickets and wireworms. It is mostly applied in planting holes or in furrows combined with topdressing. The commonly used amount is 5-6 kg of 3% granules per mu, or 250-500 mL of 20% emulsifiable concentrate made into poisoned soil for application, with a duration of effect of 30-40 days. Isofenphos-methyl is a highly toxic pesticide, so special attention must be paid to safety protection during use, and adding water for spraying is prohibited.
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