What are the common diseases of jackfruit? Detailed explanation of prevention and control methods
Jackfruit is a very heavy and very large fruit, and its tree is also very tall, generally averaging around 15 m, and it is grown on a relatively large area in China. But despite the jackfruit's tall and large growth, if it is not managed well, many diseases can still occur, and diseases can have a huge impact on the normal growth and development of jackfruit. If not dealt with in time, they may even lead to total loss of the crop. So what diseases affect the growth of jackfruit? How should they be prevented and controlled? Let's take a look below!
1. Fruit rot
Disease characteristics: The main pathogen of jackfruit fruit rot is Physalospora, which mainly harms the fruit. After the fruit is infected, brown lesions appear on the surface of the rind, then gradually expand, extend and soften. In the middle of the lesions, the color gradually deepens and turns black, and many small black dots also appear on the surface of the wart-like polygonal protrusions on the rind. When the infection is severe, they gradually join together, and under humid conditions release large amounts of black-and-white strip-like matter. The pathogen begins to extend to the fruit stalk, causing the fruit to drop prematurely. The pathogen usually enters through wounds and some insect pests. Spring and summer are the peak periods of the disease, and rainy weather and overly weak plants both worsen the condition.
Prevention and control methods: Strengthen orchard management, cultivate the trees correctly, pay attention to properly pruning the trees in winter, and apply some organic fertilizer. Choose a good time to thin flowers and fruits on the trees, spray chemicals for prevention and control, and pick fruits gently and place them down gently during harvest to prevent mechanical damage. After the fruit ripens, an appropriate amount of Bordeaux mixture and other chemicals can be sprayed for prevention and control, at least once a week.
2. Anthracnose
Disease characteristics: Anthracnose is one of the most common diseases of all crops. It mainly harms the fruit and leaves of the tree, and has a great impact on fruit ripening and rot during storage and transport. When anthracnose harms leaves, it begins to develop in the middle of the leaf, then spreads along the veins toward the tip, and finally extends toward the lateral veins, causing the veins to be poisoned and deteriorate, and finally necrosis. Or it begins to develop at the leaf tip and leaf margin, producing irregular lesions, generally brown. When the fruit is affected, irregular brown patches appear on the rind, causing the fruit to turn brown and begin to rot. There are many small black dots on the diseased parts, and these are the fruiting bodies of the pathogen.
Prevention and control methods: The prevention and control of anthracnose is mainly based on prevention. On the basis of strengthening management, we should choose the appropriate time to spray chemicals for protection. After harvesting the fruit, begin loosening the soil and remove diseased and residual branches and diseased fruits from the tree. Spray chemicals for protection after the flowering stage and young fruit stage.
3. Fruit cracking
Disease characteristics: Jackfruit cracking is a physiological disease. It usually begins to crack when the fruit gradually matures, and it is a very common phenomenon. The main cause is a deficiency of trace elements in jackfruit, especially calcium, and it generally appears as longitudinal cracking, with a small number showing transverse cracking. The flesh at the cracked area appears yellow-white, and black matter grows there, beginning to turn black and rot. It is very likely to be triggered by long-term drought followed by sudden rain, or the opposite situation.
Prevention and control methods: During the fruit enlargement stage, be sure to carry out medium tillage and deep plowing in the orchard to make the soil looser, promote root growth and development, and improve its absorption capacity. During the growth period, pay attention to scientific fertilization, appropriately increase the use of calcium fertilizer, and also increase the use of biological organic fertilizer. Avoid leaving jackfruit under long-term drought or rainy conditions.
The above are several common diseases that jackfruit may encounter during cultivation. In addition to these diseases, there is also the threat of insect pests. Because the threats from insect pests are mostly similar types, the editor did not describe them in detail. The occurrence of diseases is mostly caused by improper management, so when planting, everyone must always pay attention to the sanitation of the orchard, reduce pathogens, and lower the incidence of disease.