What are the common diseases of cherries? Detailed explanation of prevention and control methods
Cherries are also known as European sweet cherries. They originated in Europe, and after being introduced to China they won the favor of many people, and more and more people began to grow them. In fact, the method of growing cherries is about the same as that for cherries, because the difference itself is very small, but during the growing process different disease problems are encountered. People also do not know exactly how to solve them, so today the editor brings you the common diseases of cherries and their prevention and control methods. Let us take a look below!
1. Cherry brown rot
Symptoms: Cherry brown rot is the most important disease harming cherries. It is also called shot hole disease, and it mainly harms the fruit and leaves. In the early stage of the disease, small purple spots the size of needle heads form on the leaves, and then they gradually expand and extend. Later, some spots extend together to form brown patches. Small black dots gradually appear on the patches, and these small black dots are conidia. Finally the patches gradually dry and shrink, leaving one small hole after another on the fallen leaves. In severe cases it can also cause early defoliation. It affects the growth of the tree and causes severe reduction in cherry yield.
Prevention and control methods: Sweep up fallen leaves cleanly, clear diseased and disabled branches, reduce or eliminate overwintering pathogens, and strengthen orchard management. Improve the site conditions of the orchard, increase the tree's vigor, and improve the tree's disease resistance. Mancozeb and other agents can be sprayed before fruit harvest and after flower drop for prevention and control.
2. Cherry leaf spot
Symptoms: Cherry leaf spot also mainly harms the leaves of cherries. In the early stage of damage, brown-purple nearly round patches form between the leaf veins of the leaves, and they gradually necrose. Pink mold spots appear on the back of the leaves. The damage symptoms are not much different from the brown-purple patches. The lesions gradually expand and extend, and after joining together to form large patches they cause the leaves to begin to die and fall over a large area. This prevents the fruit tree from carrying out effective photosynthesis and from meeting the nutrients needed for growth. Sometimes the petioles and fruit are also harmed, and in severe cases the whole tree dies due to lack of nutrients.
Prevention and control methods: Pay attention to orchard hygiene. After winter harvest, disinfect the orchard in time, carry out effective sterilization work, and centrally clear diseased and disabled bodies and fallen leaves and burn them centrally. Because most leaf spot pathogens overwinter by parasitizing and attaching to the soil and diseased and disabled bodies, and when the Beginning of Spring arrives they will harm the fruit trees. The agent used for prevention and control is similar to that for brown rot.
3. Cherry gummosis
Gummosis is also one of the most common diseases during the growth of cherries. Gummosis mainly occurs on wounds of branches or on the gum flowing out from dead tissue of the cork layer of branch forks. This disease has a chance to occur after the tree begins to sprout. No matter what stage it is, this disease occurs most frequently. The diseased part will have spots, and the cortex and xylem parts will gradually rot and decay, and then produce other pathogens, very likely causing other diseases, making the tree's vigor weaker and weaker, and in severe cases even causing the whole tree to die.
Prevention and control methods: After the saplings sprout, apply organic fertilizer regularly and in fixed amounts, and prevent natural disasters such as freezing injury, drought injury and waterlogging injury. Enhance the tree's disease resistance, whitewash the entire lower part of the trunk to prevent sunscald, strengthen the prevention and control of other pests and diseases, especially wounds caused by some boring insects, and also pay attention to preventing mechanical damage during pruning.
The above are the relatively common diseases when growing cherries. Paying attention to disease prevention and control is work that every grower must do well. Neglecting it or not managing it carefully will cause severe reduction in cherry yield. In fact, apart from a very few varietal causes, the rest of disease occurrence is caused by improper orchard management. When growing, everyone must carefully and meticulously manage every tree in the orchard. Only in this way can the normal and good growth and development of the fruit trees be ensured.