Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for High-Yield Hazelnut Cultivation
The hazelnut is a deciduous shrub of the genus Corylus in the birch family, and it is also one of the world's four major dried nuts, enjoying the reputation of "king of nuts." Hazelnuts are very rich in nutrients, which are mainly distributed in the shell and kernel. It is also a food resource that combines health benefits and nutrition, and it has low cultivation costs and is relatively easy to grow, making it the cultivation target of many growers. When growing something, of course you want high yields, since only high yields can bring higher economic benefits, so below we bring you the high-yield cultivation techniques for hazelnuts.
1. Planting density
To achieve high yields when growing hazelnuts, the first thing needed is a reasonable planting density, and planting density depends on many aspects. The first is the type, variety, cultivation techniques, etc., and the second is the tree shape, terrain, soil conditions and climate temperature of the hazelnut trees. So when planting, you must first consider the planting density from these aspects. For example, in areas with high soil fertility and relatively flat terrain, and for varieties with vigorous growth and an open canopy, the row spacing of each hazelnut tree should be slightly wider. In areas with relatively barren soil and for varieties with weak growth and curved, slender tree shapes, the planting density should be slightly tighter.
2. Cultivation depth
The cultivation depth of a plant directly determines the final yield, and when cultivating, the roots must not be buried too deep or too shallow. After cultivation, the root crown should be level with the ground or no lower than five cm. The most suitable cultivation depth is about eight cm. If the cultivation soil is relatively loose and soft, then it should be watered appropriately before planting, or the soil should be gently pressed firm with the foot. The purpose is to prevent the soil from sinking after planting due to watering, which would make the cultivation depth difficult to control, because soil sinking will cause the roots to sink along with it and is also not conducive to later management.
3. Water and fertilizer management
The hazelnut is a shrub that relatively prefers water. After the hazelnut trees are planted, a watering basin should be built immediately around all the hazelnut trees, with a diameter of at least one m, to facilitate later watering. After planting, water immediately, and be sure to irrigate thoroughly, because after enough water penetrates into the soil it can seal the soil and preserve moisture. Then cover the tree basin with plastic film to keep warm and retain moisture, promote root growth and development, and improve the survival rate of the hazelnut trees. The fertilizer demand of hazelnuts is relatively moderate. Generally, apply one application of decomposed farmyard manure around the Beginning of Summer, then apply one topdressing of compound fertilizer in July. By the second year, fertilizer can be applied around the outer area of the hazelnut trees, but be careful not to apply too deeply or in excessive amounts.
4. Timely pruning
When pruning, leave one trunk for the hazelnut tree, and later carry out shaping and pruning according to the growth form and developmental characteristics of the hazelnut tree, arranging a reasonable framework for the hazelnut tree. Generally there are three tree shapes for hazelnut trees. The first is the few-trunk clump type, mainly leaving about three basal branches as main branches and then letting them grow and develop in different directions. The second is the single-trunk form. For the single-trunk form, only one trunk is retained, and then about four relatively evenly distributed main branches are retained on the trunk, and then side branches are selected on the main branches. The side branches will produce secondary branches and fruiting mother branches, finally forming a short trunk.
The above is a brief introduction to the high-yield cultivation techniques for hazelnuts. Although growing hazelnuts is not very difficult and is actually relatively simple, everyone still needs to have a correct planting method, and the orchard also needs a correct management method. The orchard should be cleaned and disinfected in a timely manner, especially the winter orchard cleaning work, to completely eliminate potential overwintering parasites and pathogens, and diseased and residual branches should also be cleaned up in a timely manner. Only in this way can hazelnuts be made to yield high yields better.