What are the precautions for raspberry planting? Keep these key points in mind
Raspberries are also called "pao". Many people picked raspberries on the mountains when they were children. At that time, wild raspberries on the mountains were fruit for many of us and a delicious snack that cost nothing, but now wild raspberries are also very few, because most of the land has already been developed, and raspberries have lost the land they depend on for survival. However, a boom in raspberry cultivation has risen in the market, which can preserve this deliciousness and at the same time preserve many people's childhood memories. What Qinnongwang wants to tell everyone today is some small issues that need attention when planting raspberries, but they have a great impact on raspberry yield and service life. Friends who are interested can read carefully.
1. Variety selection
Raspberries are actually very similar in appearance to strawberries, and their taste is also sweet and sour, except that their taste is different from strawberries, and the carrier on which they grow is also different. There are many raspberry varieties, such as red raspberry, black raspberry, Hongbaoyu, Siyuepao, Liuyuepao, Tuopan, and double-season red raspberry, and so on. There are about ten to twenty species in total, but the best varieties for artificial cultivation are double-season red raspberry or black raspberry. Double-season red raspberry can be harvested twice, while black raspberry itself grows more vigorously than other raspberries and has higher yield, and its nutritional composition and taste are both excellent.
2. Fertilizer and water management
Do not assume that just because raspberries used to be wild, they have no requirements for nutrients and water. In fact, that only shows that their adaptability is very strong, and they can still survive, bloom, and bear fruit in harsh environments. If you want the raspberries you plant to have a higher yield than usual, then fertilizer and water management must be done well. First, let us talk about fertilization. Apart from the base fertilizer, we also need to apply topdressing twice. The base fertilizer is generally mainly farmyard manure, and an appropriate amount of urea and phosphate fertilizer also needs to be added. The first topdressing is at the time of flowering, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer, which can prolong the flowering period. At the same time, during this period, some non-toxic agents for fruit retention and fruit strengthening can be sprayed to promote fruit growth. The second fertilization is one week after fruit set. At this time, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mainly used to promote fruit growth, promote root growth, and prepare for high yield in the coming year.
3. Branch and leaf management
We all know that during the growth process of raspberries, their branches and leaves are constantly growing and also constantly extending outward, so when planting we must pay attention to density, so that they have enough space to extend their branches and leaves. After the raspberry plants survive after planting, some new branches and leaves will grow. At this time, we can prune away the older, weaker, or diseased branches and leaves to reduce unnecessary nutrient loss. When the newly grown branches and leaves reach 40 to 50 cm, we can remove the tips of the new branches. After about five days, several side branches will grow again. Increasing the number of raspberry branches is also a way to increase yield. After each raspberry harvest, we also need to prune the raspberry branches and leaves once. This time it is mainly for high yield in the coming year, so we need to cut off the branches that have already borne fruit, then wrap them with plastic wrap, and in the coming year new branches will grow and bear fruit again.
4. Disease control
The most common diseases of raspberries are stem rot and powdery mildew. Stem rot mainly harms the newly grown branches of raspberries. The initial manifestation is the appearance of many black spots on the stem, then the branches are slowly damaged, and in the most serious case the entire plant withers. The control method is to spray 500-times liquid of thiophanate-methyl, or 500-times liquid of 40% fosetyl-aluminum, or 500-times liquid of thiram. As for powdery mildew, there is no need to say much. It can be controlled with 1000-1500-times liquid of 25% triadimefon wettable powder. The main insect pests are moth pests and beetles. We can use traps or directly spray insecticides. Commonly used agents include trichlorfon and dimethoate emulsion.
5. Harvesting and freshness preservation
Raspberry harvesting needs to be carried out in batches, each time only harvesting those fruit trees that are already fully ripe, leaving the half-ripe and green raspberries for the second and third harvests. When harvesting ripe fruit, attention should also be paid to sorting good-quality and poor-quality fruit separately. Harvesting must be timely. It can be one day earlier, but it must not be too late. If it is late, the raspberries will either already be rotten or have fallen to the ground, so the harvest time must be grasped well. Finally, raspberry fruit is relatively fragile and has a relatively short storage time, so we can use current preservation technology for freshness preservation, such as low-temperature preservation and air-filled packaging, and so on. If freshness preservation is not done well, then the raspberries will have no value.