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Shaping Methods and Winter Pruning Techniques for Persimmon Trees

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Persimmon trees are light-loving crops. In dense planting cultivation, attention should be paid to solving ventilation and light penetration, which is a major measure in high-yield management. Persimmon trees bear fruit from axillary buds, so thinning out vigorous growing branches and strengthening nutrient accumulation in the branches and trunk are very important. Before flowering, emphasis should be placed on applying amino acids to the trunk to promote flower bud differentiation, overcome alternate bearing, and encourage early fruiting...
I. Shaping: Persimmon trees adapt to the needs of dwarfed dense planting cultivation, mainly adopting tree forms such as the natural open-center form, the modified central leader form, and the central leader stratified form. Characteristics of the central leader stratified form: there is an obvious central leader, with main branches distributed in layers on it. The first layer has 3 main branches, the second layer has 2 main branches, and the third layer has 1 main branch. The main branches of the upper and lower layers are staggered, with a layer spacing of 60-70 cm. Each main branch bears 2-3 lateral branches, with a distance of about 60 cm between the two lateral branches. Fruit-bearing branch groups are borne on the lateral branches. The trunk height is about 1 m. The central leader stratified form is suitable for orchards with poorer site conditions. In orchards with better site conditions, the natural open-center tree form can be adopted. After entering the full fruiting period, on the premise of not affecting yield, in order to make operations more convenient, the central leader stratified form can be improved into an open-center tree form by retaining the first layer of main branches.
II. Winter Pruning
1. Pruning of fruiting mother branches: During winter pruning, a sufficient number of fruiting mother branches must be retained. If the previous year's fruiting branches set fewer fruits, they can be kept as this year's fruiting mother branches. When fruiting mother branches are too dense, keep the strong ones and remove the weak ones, staggering them left and right.
2. Pruning of vegetative branches: Thin out the slender and weak branches in the inner canopy or on the lower part of large branches. Moderate vegetative branches of 25-45 cm are likely to form flower buds and become fruiting mother branches, and 1/3 can be cut off. Short ones may not be headed back. For overly dense vegetative branches, the method of "leaving stubs" can be used for thinning to promote the formation of moderate small short branches the following year. When heading back vegetative branches in the young tree stage, attention should be paid to ensuring the first bud below the cut faces outward.

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