Detailed Explanation of the Key Techniques for Planting and Managing Winter Jujube Trees
How do you plant and manage winter jujube trees? Please give an introduction. Planting and managing winter jujube trees can be done with reference to the following techniques: Cultivation points: Planting. This variety has strong adaptability, tolerates drought and poor soil, and is not strict about fertilizer and water requirements. For orchard establishment, a dense, dwarfed cultivation method should be used, generally 2 to 3 × 3 to 4 m, with 5... plants planted per mu.
How do you plant and manage winter jujube trees? Please give an introduction.
Planting and managing winter jujube trees can be done with reference to the following techniques:
Cultivation points:
Planting. This variety has strong adaptability, tolerates drought and poor soil, and is not strict about fertilizer and water requirements. For orchard establishment, a dense, dwarfed cultivation method should be used, generally 2 to 3 × 3 to 4 m, with 56 to 111 plants planted per mu, which has an obvious effect on increasing the early yield of young trees. Winter jujube has relatively high light requirements, so the row direction should preferably be north-south.
Fertilizer and water management. Winter jujube has a relatively high demand for phosphate fertilizer. When planting, apply 0.5 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of organic fertilizer per plant. Apply chemical fertilizer once each year in late May, from late June to early July, and in early August. In autumn, apply organic fertilizer in trenches, with 50 to 70 kg of farmyard manure and 0.5 to 1 kg of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or the same amount of a three-element compound fertilizer per plant. Irrigate thoroughly once each before jujube trees bud, before flowering, during the young fruit swelling stage, and before overwintering. At other times, irrigate appropriately according to drought conditions, drain promptly during the rainy season, and cultivate and weed promptly after rain. In autumn, plow and turn the tree.
Flower and fruit management. First, pinch the jujube heads at the early full-bloom stage, leaving 3 to 5 secondary branches for pinching according to the vigor of growth. Second, spray clean water, spraying clean water once every 1 to 3 days from the early jujube flowering stage to the full-bloom stage, for a total of 3 to 5 sprays. Third, hormone treatment, spraying 1 to 2 times with 10 to 15 mg/L gibberellin at the early full-bloom stage. Fourth, girdling and ring cutting. For young vigorous trees, perform trunk ring cutting at the full-bloom stage. When the trunk diameter reaches more than 5 cm, perform girdling, with a girdling width of 0.5 to 1 cm.
Training and pruning. Winter jujube tree shape should preferably adopt a small canopy, open-center layered form to maintain ventilation and light penetration. When planting, set the trunk height at 70 to 80 cm, and gradually cultivate 5 to 6 main branches year by year. During winter pruning and summer pruning, promptly thin out water sprouts, cut back extension branches, thin and cut back overly dense branches and weak slender branches, so as to maintain tree vigor balance, keep the canopy ventilated and light-transmitting, and promptly retract overly long fruiting branches. This allows local branches to renew and rejuvenate.
Pest and disease control. The main pests and diseases of jujube trees include spider mites, peach fruit moth, jujube looper, jujube rust, jujube fruit shrinkage disease, jujube witches' broom, etc. During the bud break and leaf expansion stage, spray 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times 1 to 2 times to control jujube looper. From late May to early June during the occurrence period of spider mites, spray 15% saomanjing emulsifiable concentrate at 2500 times 1 to 2 times. From mid-July to mid-August, spray 2 to 3 times with pyrethroid pesticides to control peach fruit moth and jujube looper. In July, August, and September, spray a fungicide once every 15 to 20 days. A 200-times Bordeaux mixture can be used alternately with 800-times carbendazim solution or 1000-times thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to control jujube rust and fruit shrinkage disease. If jujube witches' broom is found, prune out diseased branches in mild cases and remove promptly in severe cases.
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