What varieties of chestnut are there? Introduction to common chestnut varieties
What varieties of chestnut are there? Please give an introduction. Traditional chestnut production relied on seedling propagation, and the so-called varieties were mostly primitive groups, such as Zhen'an Large Chestnut, Chang'an Mingdong Chestnut, Hanzhong Grey Chestnut, Xunyang Large Chestnut, Baoji Society Chestnut, Weinan Kui Chestnut, Huanglong Small Chestnut, etc. After the 1960s, superior trees began to be selected...
What varieties of chestnut are there? Please give an introduction
Traditional chestnut production relied on seedling propagation, and the so-called varieties were mostly primitive groups, such as Zhen'an Large Chestnut, Chang'an Mingdong Chestnut, Hanzhong Grey Chestnut, Xunyang Large Chestnut, Baoji Society Chestnut, Weinan Kui Chestnut, Huanglong Small Chestnut, etc. After the 1960s, superior trees began to be selected and improved clonal varieties developed. For example, the Zhashui County Chestnut Research Institute selected excellent varieties such as Zha Ban No. 11 and Zha Ban No. 14, and at the same time introduced some excellent varieties from other provinces. For example: Jinfeng, Hongguang Chestnut, Tancheng 207, Tai'an Thin Shell, Yanshan Red Chestnut, Yanlv Chestnut and other excellent varieties have been promoted in various counties with initial success. The main variety groups and varieties of Shaanxi are introduced as follows:
1. Zhen'an Large Chestnut: originated in Zhen'an County. The nut is brownish red, with an average single nut weight of 11 g. The plant has strong stress resistance and wide adaptability. It blooms in early May in Zhen'an and matures in mid-September. It stores well; stored in bulk in local caves for 190 days, the sound fruit rate can still reach 90%. It contains total sugar 18.5%, fat 0.83%, starch 72.18%, and protein 0.7%.
2. Chang'an Mingjian Chestnut: produced in the area of Yachiikou, Neiyuan, Chang'an. The plant is tall, the crown is round-headed, with many fruiting branches, and the yield per plant can reach 35-70 kg, with an average single nut weight of 10.5 g. It blooms from late April to early May, and the fruit matures in early to mid-September. This variety likes cool and humid conditions. Young trees grow quickly and bear fruit early.
3. Chang'an Grey Jian Chestnut: distributed in the area of Neiyuan and Yachiikou in Chang'an. The crown is semi-spreading, the branches are dense, and the new shoots are thick and strong. The leaves are long elliptic, the petiole is short, the involucre spines are long, and the nut is flat-round, with a nut weight of 9 g. The nut is dark grey, lusterless, and mostly downy. It matures in early October.
4. Hanzhong Grey Chestnut: distributed in Fucheng, Xihe, Mayuan and other places in Hanzhong, and also cultivated in Nanhai, Hongmiao, Yuan? and other places in Nanzheng. The plant is tall, the trunk is greyish brown, and the cracks are deep and coarse. The new shoots are greyish white with sparse down and small protruding lenticels. The leaves are large elliptic, dark in color, very flat, with coarse serrations, pointed spines, and a thick short petiole. The involucre is large, oblong, with long dense spines, and contains 2-3 nuts inside. The nut is large and flat-round, with a single nut weight of 7-8 g, uniform in size. The seed coat is relatively thick, grey-black and difficult to peel. The astringent skin is thick, the kernel is plump, yellow, crisp and sweet, with an oily aroma. The tree vigor is strong and the lifespan is long. It enters the fruiting stage late. It has strong adaptability and strong frost resistance during the flowering period.
5. Xunyang Large Chestnut: mainly distributed in Xunyang, Ankang, Shiquan and other places. The tree vigor is tall, naturally conical. The trunk bark is greyish brown with deep cracks. The new shoots are yellowish brown, densely downy, and the branches have large and dense white lenticels. The leaves are large, oblong, with shallow serrations and short needle-like spines. The involucre is relatively large, oblong, with long spines, 4-6 per cluster. The kernel is plump, light yellow, and mild in taste. When grafted, it bears fruit late. It blooms in early May, and the fruit matures in early to mid-September.
6. Baoji Society Chestnut: originated in Anpinggou, Donggou and other places in Pingtou Town, Chencang District. The Society Chestnut plant is tall, the main trunk is dark brown, the bark cracks are dense, and it is not easy to peel off. The involucre spines are long and numerous, and there are mostly 3 nuts inside the involucre. The nut is flat-round, with an average weight of 8.2 g, thin pericarp, light yellow kernel, and good quality. The fruit matures in early September. The plant is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, likes shade and humidity, and grows normally in high mountain areas.
7. Zha Ban No. 11: bred by the Zhashui County Chestnut Research Institute from seedling trees. The nut is flat-round and brownish red, glossy and bright, with a beautiful color. The single nut weight is 10.9 g, the seed coat is easy to peel, and the kernel contains soluble sugar 9.27%. It has excellent quality and relatively strong disease resistance.
8. Zha Ban No. 14: bred by the Zhashui County Chestnut Research Institute from seedling trees. The chestnut fruit of this variety is elliptic, reddish brown, with a single nut weight of 12.5 g. The astringent skin of the kernel is easy to peel, and it contains soluble sugar? 10.04%?. It has excellent quality and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.
9. Jinfeng: selected from seedling trees in Xujia Village, Jishan Township, Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province. This variety bears fruit early, the nut is relatively small, with a single nut weight of 8 g, the pericarp is reddish brown, and the flesh is fine, sweet and glutinous. It contains total sugar 16.8% and protein 9.8%. It matures in mid to late September and stores well. Young trees grow vigorously, like fertilizer and water, are not tolerant of poor soil, and are suitable for close planting.
10. Hongguang Chestnut: originated in Dongzhuangtou Village, Laixi County, Shandong, and was selected by fruit farmers from seedling trees. The chestnut bur is glossy and bright, with 3 seeds per bur, and 110 seeds per kg. The seed coat is dark red, glossy and bright, beautiful in appearance, and of above-average quality. It has a high kernel yield and stores well. Young trees grow robustly and are relatively upright; the branches are thick and strong. The buds are plump, and the female and male flowers do not open at the same time, so pollinator trees need to be arranged. Young trees bear fruit late, starting to bear fruit in 4-5 years, but after bearing fruit they can produce high yields year after year.
11. Tancheng 207: selected in 1964 from Maoci Village, Tancheng County, Shandong. The chestnut is large and bright, with 80-120 per kg. It is reddish brown, beautiful in appearance, and good in quality.
12. Tai'an Thin Shell: selected from seedling trees in Songjiazhuang Village, Mata Township, Tai'an City, Shandong. The nut weighs about 10 g on average, and the pericarp is jujube red. The luster is especially bright, and the flesh is fine, sweet and glutinous, with excellent quality. The kernel has a moisture content of 44.5%, total sugar 15.4%, starch 66.4%, fat? 3.0%?, and protein 10.5%. The fruit matures in late September.
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