What are the key management techniques for loquat after fruit harvest?
How should loquat be managed after fruit harvest? Please give an introduction. After loquat harvest, the following methods can be used for management: cultivating and loosening the soil. During loquat harvest, due to human trampling, the orchard soil becomes compacted, which is not conducive to root growth; during the plum rain season, it is prone to breeding weeds that compete with loquat for fertilizer and water. Therefore, after fruit harvest, timely cultivating and loosening the soil can alleviate these problems...
How should loquat be managed after fruit harvest? Please give an introduction
After loquat harvest, the following methods can be used for management:
Cultivating and loosening the soil. During loquat harvest, due to human trampling, the orchard soil becomes compacted, which is not conducive to root growth; during the plum rain season, it is prone to breeding weeds that compete with loquat for fertilizer and water. Therefore, after fruit harvest, timely cultivating and loosening the soil can alleviate these problems. The cultivation depth should preferably be 10-15 cm, and it can be appropriately deeper at 80-100 cm from the loquat tree base.
Heavily apply post-harvest fertilizer. Summer shoots are the main fruiting mother branches of loquat, and their quantity and quality directly affect the yield of the following year. Generally, summer shoots sprout in early to mid-June. At this time, the tree body urgently needs to recover its vigor due to the "postpartum" period, and the sprouting of summer shoots and flower bud differentiation also require consuming a large amount of nutrients, so post-harvest fertilizer should be heavily applied. Generally, it should be applied 15-20 days after fruit harvest, and its amount should account for more than 50% of the total annual fertilizer application. Taking a 15-year-old loquat tree as an example, the fertilizer amount per plant is 35-40 kg of human manure and urine, 1 kg of urea, 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 4-5 kg of cake fertilizer, and 35 kg of barnyard manure. Use the trench application method, digging a trench 20-30 cm deep at the drip line of the tree canopy, and never apply fertilizer inside the tree disk.
Apply foliar fertilizer well. The sprouting of summer shoots will cause the tree body to experience another collapse. Under this physiological condition, promptly carrying out foliar topdressing on the tree body is very beneficial. A 0.3%-0.5% urea solution or 10% human urine can be sprayed, or a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 0.2% potassium sulfate solution, 0.3%-0.5% superphosphate extract, or 10% plant ash extract can be sprayed to supplement tree nutrition and restore tree vigor.
Pruning and bud regulation. Generally completed from mid-June to early July, cut off diseased and pest branches, declining branches, parallel branches, and dead branches. Overgrown branches and weak branches should also be shortened with stubs left, which can both compress the tree canopy and promote new shoots from large branches. After summer shoots sprout, regulate buds in time. For example, if 3-4 summer shoots sprout from the fruit cluster picking opening, then one bud should be removed, leaving 2-3 healthy buds to develop into summer shoots.
Protect shoots in time. During drought, insufficient water supply to the tree body will affect shoot sprouting. In the orchard, methods such as furrow irrigation, watering, and grass mulching can be used for drought resistance. The main pest harming loquat summer shoot leaves is the loquat yellow caterpillar. During the larval hatching period or young larval stage, spray with 2000-2500 times diluted decis. Leaf spot disease and anthracnose will infect leaves. A 0.3%-0.5% Bordeaux mixture, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times solution, or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution can be sprayed, and then sprayed once more after 7-10 days.
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