What are the key technical points for summer management of peach orchards?
How should a peach orchard be managed in summer? Please give an introduction to the methods. Summer is an important period for the growth of peach branches and shoots and the swelling of the fruit. Strengthening peach tree management is the key to increasing production in the current year and achieving a bumper harvest next year. 1. Fertilize according to the tree. In late May, apply a topdressing to peach trees that have borne more fruit this year and are weaker in vigor. Conversely,...
How should a peach orchard be managed in summer? Please give an introduction to the methods.
Summer is an important period for the growth of peach branches and shoots and the swelling of the fruit. Strengthening peach tree management is the key to increasing production in the current year and achieving a bumper harvest next year.
I. Fertilize according to the tree. In late May, apply a topdressing once to peach trees that have borne more fruit this year and are weaker in vigor. Conversely, do not fertilize peach trees that have borne little fruit and are more vigorous. When fertilizing, at the drip line of the canopy, dig a ring-shaped fertilizing trench about 1 m long and 0.25 m deep and 0.25 m wide and apply the fertilizer. For adult fruiting trees, apply 40-50 kg of decomposed human, livestock, and poultry manure water per tree, plus 0.3-0.4 kg of ammonium phosphate (or 0.2 kg of urea and 0.5-0.8 kg of superphosphate); after fertilizing, backfill soil to cover the pit. For young trees, apply half the amount. At the same time, carry out foliar topdressing on the peach trees, spraying the leaves with 0.1% Greenfinwei No. 1 foliar fertilizer (a mixed fertilizer solution of 0.2% monopotassium phosphate and 0.3% urea) once every 15-20 days, for 4-5 consecutive times.
II. Drainage and waterlogging prevention. Peach trees are afraid of waterlogging. June-July is the rainy season, so the main ditches, back ditches, and sediment settling pits should be frequently dredged and cleared. Do a good job of drainage in the peach orchard, especially in low-lying peach orchards. Dig the main ditches and back ditches to a depth and width of 0.5 m and 0.3 m respectively, so as to lower the groundwater level and favor peach tree growth.
III. Summer pruning. Carry out summer pruning of peach trees in May-June. (1) Bud removal and pinching: remove the vigorous water sprouts in the inner canopy and the competing buds and twin buds below the pruning cuts, and pinch the tips when new shoots grow to 50-60 cm. (2) Branch bending and shoot twisting: for more vigorous upright peach trees, use branch bending, branch hanging, and branch propping to increase the angle of the main branches and moderate tree vigor. At the same time, twist upright water sprouts and other excessively vigorous shoots 180 degrees, but do not twist them off, so that they change from upward growth to horizontal growth, turning the water sprouts into fruiting branches. (3) Spraying hormones: when the secondary shoots of the peach tree grow to about 60 cm, spray once with a 500-fold dilution of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, which can effectively control their growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
IV. Pest and disease control. In May-June, use 80% anthracnose Fumei or 75% chlorothalonil 800-fold solution, or carbendazim 800-1000-fold solution, and spray the canopy 3 consecutive times to control gummosis, anthracnose, and so on. For trees that already have gummosis, first scrape off the diseased spots, then apply thiophanate-methyl wettable powder mixed with edible vinegar liquid or 402 fungicide 100-fold solution to the affected areas. At the same time, spray the canopy 2-3 times with mixed solutions such as 50% Decis 1500-fold solution, 20% pirimicarb or buprofezin 1200-fold solution, and so on, to control peach fruit borer, aphids, peach fruit moth (or oriental fruit moth), and so on.
V. Intertillage and weeding. On sunny summer days, for peach orchards without intercropped crops, use manual weeding, and bury the weeds in pits at the drip line of the canopy, or cover the peach trees with the weeds. It is also possible to spray a mixed herbicide solution of glyphosate (Roundup) and paraquat in the peach orchard. After the weeds die, they serve as mulch, which helps preserve moisture and resist drought; in autumn, turn them into the soil to increase soil organic matter.
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