Key Technical Points and Methods for Summer Management of Nectarines
How to manage nectarines well in summer? Please give guidance. Summer nectarine management can refer to the following methods: 1. Control excessive shoot growth to prevent orchard canopy closure. Nectarines have strong branching ability and readily produce secondary even tertiary shoots; in addition, nectarine trees are vigorous, especially with excessive vegetative growth before fruiting. A large number of shoots plus excessive growth...
How to manage nectarines well in summer? Please give guidance.
Summer nectarine management can refer to the following methods:
1. Control excessive shoot growth to prevent orchard canopy closure. Nectarines have strong branching ability and readily produce secondary even tertiary shoots; in addition, nectarine trees are vigorous, especially with excessive vegetative growth before fruiting. A large number of shoots plus excessive growth often leads to deteriorated light conditions in the orchard, fruit coloring shifting outward, and reduced yield. Therefore attention should be paid to control in production. The main control measures are:
(1) Strengthen the control of fertilizer and water. Especially the control of nitrogen fertilizer; in the early growth stage each year and after fruit harvest, never apply too much nitrogen, to prevent excessive shoot growth;
(2) Apply dwarfing auxin for control. During the new shoot growth period, apply 5 g per tree of paclobutrazol in a ring-shaped ditch under the tree, or spray (200-300)X10-6 15% paclobutrazol on the tree during the new shoot growth period; the control effect is relatively good;
(3) Remove buds in time. Useless secondary shoots/tertiary shoots and buds on the upper side of branches should be removed in time. If not removed in time, branches should be thinned promptly to keep the tree canopy well ventilated and transparent;
(4) Keep branch groups extending on a single axis and reduce the number of branching orders.
2. Strengthen flower and fruit thinning to increase fruit size. Because nectarines have a high fruit-setting rate, if flower and fruit thinning cannot keep up in production, the fruit will become smaller, affecting the fruit's marketability. Therefore, flower and fruit thinning should be carried out strictly in production. According to the growth vigor of fruiting branches, thin flowers and fruits in time before flowering: strong branches retain 4-6 flowers per branch and keep 2-3 fruits; medium branches retain 2-4 flowers and keep 1-2 fruits; short branches and bouquet branches retain double flowers and keep a single fruit, ensuring about 120 fruits per square meter of tree space, so as to facilitate full fruit enlargement and improve the fruit's marketability.
3. Starting from improving tree light conditions, promote fruit coloring through branch quantity regulation. Because nectarine trees are vigorous and can branch multiple times a year, if control is inadequate, it easily leads to poor fruit coloring, especially poor coloring of fruit in the inner part of the canopy and the lower part of the canopy. Therefore measures should be taken in production to promote coloring.
(1) The "Y" shape, which is easy to receive light and favorable for high yield, should be selected as the main tree form; (2) During the bud break period, remove buds and sprouts in time, and during the growth period, prune secondary and tertiary shoots in time to control branch quantity and prevent deterioration of light conditions; (3) At the beginning of fruit coloring, remove shading leaves so the fruit can fully bathe in light; (4) During the fruit coloring period, carry out branch bending to increase the amount of light received in the inner canopy; (5) Lay reflective film on the ground to improve the use of reflected light.
4. Strictly prevent fruit russeting and keep the fruit surface smooth and clean. Because nectarines are hairless, fruit russeting is very easy to infect; when russeting occurs, marketability decreases, affecting the improvement of production benefits. Therefore prevention and control should be strengthened. Specifically, the following should be done:
(1) Strictly control branch quantity, keep the orchard well ventilated, reduce air humidity in the orchard, and inhibit disease occurrence; (2) Bag the fruit to protect it; (3) Carry out chemical protection. In rainy years, when orchard humidity is high, promptly spray 25% wettable chlorothalonil powder at 2000 times dilution or 65% wettable zineb powder at 500-600 times dilution, and 2% agricultural antibiotic "120" at 200 times dilution for prevention, to keep the fruit surface clean and improve the fruit's marketability. Generally, the above pesticides should be sprayed alternately about every 7 days to control the damage.
5. Increase fruit flavor. In nectarine production, the phenomenon of weakened flavor easily occurs. Its causes are mainly excessive water supply or unreasonable fertilization and early harvest. Ways to increase flavor include:
(1) Limit water supply. Especially during the fruit enlargement period, if it is not too dry, do not irrigate easily, so as to increase the accumulation of substances in the fruit and increase fruit flavor; (2) Increase the supply of substances, especially increase the application of organic fertilizer, to promote the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and make the fruit sweeter and more fragrant; (3) Harvest at the appropriate time. At the beginning of fruit coloring, the fruit begins to enter the nutrient accumulation period; the longer the fruit grows, the more nutrients it accumulates, and the sweeter and more fragrant the fruit flavor. Therefore, it should be harvested at the appropriate time.
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