How to grow papaya? A detailed guide to papaya cultivation techniques
How to grow papaya? Please give a detailed introduction. For papaya cultivation, you can refer to the following methods: 1. Choose excellent varieties. Varieties suitable for the local area include Yizhou papaya, Yipinhong papaya, etc., and they can pollinate each other. 2. Field planting and orchard establishment. It is advisable to choose deep, fertile, well-drained neutral or slightly alkaline loam...
How to grow papaya? Please give a detailed introduction
For papaya cultivation, you can refer to the following methods:
1. Choose excellent varieties. Varieties suitable for the local area include Yizhou papaya, Yipinhong papaya, etc., and they can pollinate each other.
2. Field planting and orchard establishment. It is advisable to choose deep, fertile, well-drained neutral or slightly alkaline loam or sandy loam. The plant spacing is 2.5 m x 4 m. Before planting, dig planting holes 1 m long, 1 m wide, and 0.8 m deep, and apply 10 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole. Before planting, select 2-3 year old strong seedlings of good varieties. Both spring and autumn planting are acceptable. Spring planting is best before the seedlings sprout, and autumn planting is carried out from leaf fall until the soil freezes. Autumn planting causes root wounds that heal easily, giving a high survival rate and good growth. When planting, select grafted seedlings with a seedling height of more than 1.2 m, a graft union more than 1 cm thick, and a well-healed graft union. The root system is required to be intact. The planting depth should be such that after planting and watering, the root crown junction is level with the ground surface, and cover the tree basin with 1 sq m of plastic film.
3. Fertilizer and water management. Base fertilizer is applied in late September when the orchard is deeply plowed, mainly with barnyard manure and human manure/urine, mixed with quick-acting N fertilizer. Young trees are given 15-30 kg of base fertilizer per plant, and large trees are given 30-50 kg of base fertilizer per plant.
Topdressing: Before sprouting (late March to early April), apply 130 g of urea and 400 g of ternary compound fertilizer per plant in holes or trenches. Two weeks before and after flowering, spray once each time a mixture of 0.3% urea, 1% superphosphate, and 0.3% potassium sulfate to promote fruit cell division; during full bloom, spray 0.2% boric acid or 0.3% borax to help fruit set. In mid-to-late May, apply 100-250 g of urea per fruiting tree as topdressing, either by ring broadcasting or trench application. After fruit harvest, apply compound fertilizer mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing, 0.5 kg per plant.
Water management. Generally, irrigate once thoroughly before and after flower bud sprouting. During the fruit expansion period and new shoot growth period, water appropriately. Before winter, irrigate once with antifreeze water together with base fertilizer application. At the same time, papaya is afraid of waterlogging, so drain water in a timely manner.
4. Training and pruning. For the natural round-headed form, the trunk height is set at 70-80 cm. From the new shoots it produces, select and keep 3-4 as main branches. The main branches should be arranged in 3-4 different directions, with a branch spacing of 10-20 cm for each main branch. From the main branches, 2-3 secondary branches are further produced, and from the outer side of the secondary branches, small secondary branches are further produced or fruiting mother branches and branch groups are produced to bear fruit.
Summer pruning: mainly adopt measures such as bud removal, pinching, and branch bending. Bud removal: promptly remove buds below the shaping zone, as well as upright buds on the back of main branches and competing branches on the tips of extension branches. Pinching: when the extension branch of the main branch grows to 50-60 cm, pinch it to promote secondary branches and train the main branch. For new shoots in other parts that grow vigorously, are upright, and overlap or cross with main branches, pinch them when they grow to 20 cm to promote secondary shoots. Branch bending: generally in late August and early September, bend flat the branches not kept as main branches and keep them as auxiliary nourishing branches.
Winter pruning: For young papaya trees, the purpose in the first year's winter pruning is shaping and expanding the crown. Shorten the branches kept as main branches, preferably leaving 30-40 cm. For young trees, light pruning is mainly used, mainly thinning out excessively dense branches, competing branches, crossing branches, and overlapping branches. For branches with space, shorten them, preferably leaving 20-30 cm. When they grow to 40 cm the next year, pinch them promptly to form fruiting branch groups.
5. Flower and fruit management. In order to obtain high and stable yields, suitable pollinizer trees need to be configured when establishing the orchard. The ratio of main cultivated varieties to pollinizer varieties is 4:1. Poor papaya management can lead to alternate bearing, so attention should be paid to flower and fruit management, and flowers and fruits should be thinned during the flowering period. Thinning flowers and fruits is especially important in an on-year. When thinning fruits, first remove branch-tip fruits, deformed fruits, and crossing fruits, and generally keep basal fruits and middle fruits on the branches, with a fruit spacing of about 20 cm, so as to ensure large fruits, high yield, and stable yield.
6. Disease and pest control. Papaya has very few diseases, mainly pests. The main pests include aphids, papaya borers, red spider mites, etc.
(1) In May, for pests such as aphids, spray 10% imidacloprid at 5000-6000 times dilution, once every 15 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.
(2) In mid-June and late July, use Taoxiaoling or Taoxiao Yicijing at 1500-2000 times dilution to control papaya borers.
(3) For red spider mites, use 2000 times dilution of miewsweep for control.
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