Grape Growing Techniques: How to Manage Well in Summer?
How to manage grapes well in summer? Please give guidance. For how to manage grapes in summer, you can refer to the following methods: I. Vine management. 1. Shoot removal. For grape seedlings grown from cuttings, the new shoots reach 40-50 cm in mid-July. Some seedlings have several new shoots or one new shoot with several secondary shoots, so shoots must be removed in time, leaving...
How to manage grapes well in summer? Please give guidance.
For how to manage grapes in summer, you can refer to the following methods:
I. Vine management
1. Shoot removal. For grape seedlings grown from cuttings, the new shoots reach 40-50 cm in mid-July. Some seedlings have several new shoots or one new shoot with several secondary shoots, so shoots must be removed in time, leaving one vigorous new shoot.
2. Pinching. When the new shoots of grape seedlings grow to about 50 cm, begin pinching. Of the secondary shoots produced after pinching, except for the one left at the top, all the rest are removed. When the top secondary shoot grows to 6 leaves, leave 3 leaves and pinch. All shoots regenerated on the secondary shoots are removed.
3. Trellising and tying. The new shoots on seedlings of high-grade grape varieties can be allowed to grow to 1.0-1.5 m, and such seedlings must be trellised and tied. Between two rows of seedlings, insert a bamboo pole every 3-4 m, and stretch 2-3 lines of thin iron wire or nylon rope. Stretch one line at each end of the bamboo poles. Tie all the seedlings in the two rows to the iron wire or nylon rope between the bamboo poles. If the seedlings are relatively sparse, one bamboo pole can be used to tie the new shoot of each seedling.
II. Management of water, fertilizer, and soil
When the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, broadcast 15-20 kg of urea per mu, and apply once more after 15 days; generally 3 applications are enough. Foliar topdressing is divided into 2 applications: in summer, spray 0.5% urea in combination with pesticide spraying; in autumn, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, each applied twice.
Before the grape cuttings sprout, generally water once every 7 days. After the new shoots grow to 10-20 cm, water once every half month. After the new shoots grow to 30-40 cm, water once every 20 days, and do not water if the soil moisture is good. If the seedlings are not to be sold out of the nursery before winter, water well for overwintering. Water immediately after each topdressing. When the new shoots grow to 7-8 leaves, off-type seedlings can be identified and pulled out with their roots. Different grape varieties should be marked with bamboo slips inserted between different varieties.
After the grape seedlings shed their leaves, they should not be sold out of the nursery immediately, because this is the process by which nutrients continue to be stored in the roots. It is more suitable to sell them out of the nursery around "Minor Snow". Most nursery beds are covered with plastic film, so generally no intertillage is needed; just pull out weeds. After each watering, remove weeds from the bed ridges and both sides.
The main diseases of grape seedlings are downy mildew and black spot, and the main insect pests are cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, and grape hornworm. Pesticides can be sprayed for integrated control of diseases and pests. When the seedlings grow to 8 leaves, begin spraying. Spray once with 50% carbendazim 500 times dilution, and half a month later spray once with 80% Pengke 600-800 times dilution. After pinching the seedlings, spray once with 1:0.7:200 Bordeaux mixture. If downy mildew is found, spray once with 78% Kebo 600 times dilution, or 80% phosethyl-Al 300-500 times dilution. In autumn, spray mainly with 1:1:180 or 1:1.5:180 Bordeaux mixture.
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