What are the key points of jujube tree pruning and pinching technology?
How do you pinch jujube trees? How many rounds should jujube tree pinching be divided into? Please explain in detail. Pinching jujube trees can mainly effectively reduce unnecessary vegetative growth of jujube trees, save nutrients, ease the contradiction in nutrient allocation between growth and fruiting, and promote reproductive growth. Second, it can effectively improve the light conditions within the canopy and increase the photosynthetic...
How do you pinch jujube trees? How many rounds should jujube tree pinching be divided into? Please explain in detailPinching jujube trees can mainly effectively reduce unnecessary vegetative growth of jujube trees, save nutrients, ease the contradiction in nutrient allocation between growth and fruiting, and promote reproductive growth.
Second, it can effectively improve the light conditions within the canopy, increase the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, and play a dual role of increasing income and reducing expenditure.
Third, it can effectively control the expansion of the canopy, which is conducive to giving play to the advantage of group fruiting in densely planted jujube orchards.
Fourth, it can effectively reduce the workload of winter pruning of jujube trees.
Jujube tree pinching is mainly divided into three types: jujube head pinching, secondary branch pinching, and jujube hanging pinching. The operation methods are introduced as follows:
1. Jujube head pinching (pinching the terminal bud) can be divided into heavy pinching and light pinching: heavy pinching of jujube heads is done in early May, when new jujube heads grow to 5-7 cm. For jujube heads that are not retained as extension branches or for cultivating fruiting branch groups and have no space, pinch them leaving 1-3 cm at the base, retain the deciduous secondary branches, and let them develop into lignified jujube hanging shoots.
Because lignified jujube hanging shoots have a high fruit-setting rate, and the fruits they bear are large and of excellent quality, they are the main part for producing high-grade fruit in densely planted jujube orchards. For new jujube heads that sprout after flowering, they should be removed early from the base.
Light pinching of jujube heads is pinching new jujube heads retained as main branch extension branches and for cultivating fruiting branch groups. For new jujube heads retained as main branch extension branches, pinch them when 3-5 secondary branches appear on them.
Although this pinching method makes the canopy expand more slowly, its secondary branches develop robustly and compactly, with strong fruiting ability, and it is an important technical means for young jujube orchards to achieve both tree growth and fruiting.
For new jujube heads retained for cultivating fruiting branch groups, pinch them when 1-3 secondary branches appear on them, depending on the size of the space. When pinching jujube heads retained as extension branches and for cultivating branch groups, pinch at the secondary branch behind. The earlier the pinching, the more conducive it is to the development of secondary branches, and the better the effect.
2. Secondary branch pinching (pinching the side bud): after new jujube heads retained as extension branches and fruiting branch groups are pinched, the secondary branches on them grow and develop rapidly. Pinching the secondary branches can make the jujube spurs (that is, fruiting mother branches) and jujube hanging shoots on them develop robustly, laying a foundation for high yield.
For vigorous secondary branches, pinch them when 5-7 jujube spurs appear; for weaker secondary branches, pinch them when 2-4 jujube spurs appear, so that the fruiting branches are close to the main branches.
3. Jujube hanging pinching: jujube hanging shoots are the fruiting branches of jujube trees. They are large in number, have many growing points (each jujube hanging shoot has one growing point), and have a long growth period. Pinching them can reduce competition for nutrients among growing points, shifting the focus of nutrient allocation from growth to flower and fruit development.
At the same time, because of jujube hanging pinching, leaf development is promoted. The leaves are large and thick, improving photosynthetic capacity and ensuring nutrient supply for flower and fruit development. Jujube hanging pinching should be done before initial flowering for all jujube hanging shoots at the half-grown leaf stage. Usually, common jujube hanging shoots are pinched leaving 10-12 leaves, and lignified jujube hanging shoots leaving 18-20 leaves.
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