What are the common physiological diseases in strawberry cultivation?
What physiological diseases affect strawberry cultivation? How should they be prevented? Experienced growers are also asked to help explain. Strawberries not only have bright, attractive fruit, but are also rich in amino acids, fructose, sucrose, glucose, citric acid, malic acid, pectin, carotene, vitamin B1, B2, niacin, and the minerals calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium...
What physiological diseases affect strawberry cultivation? How should they be prevented? Experienced growers are also asked to help explain.Strawberries not only have bright, attractive fruit, but are also rich in amino acids, fructose, sucrose, glucose, citric acid, malic acid, pectin, carotene, vitamin B1, B2, niacin, and the minerals calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and other nutrients the human body needs, making them a widely cultivated economic crop today. However, during cultivation, strawberries often develop physiological diseases such as deformed fruit, cockscomb fruit, and cracked fruit. Therefore, Zhongdi Wang has compiled the harm and prevention methods of the above three physiological diseases, listed in detail below for growers' reference.
I. Deformed fruit of strawberries:
The main symptom of deformed strawberry fruit is that the fruit loses its proper shape, with a bumpy or gourd-like surface; tough fruit manifests as physiologically mature fruit that is extremely small, poor in taste, and hard in texture. The cause of the above symptoms is poor growth of the strawberry plant, insufficient supply of assimilates, or excessive fruiting, leading to loss of nutrient competitiveness. If, during the flower bud differentiation stage, strawberries encounter high temperatures above 25°C or low temperatures below 5°C, flower bud differentiation is blocked, forming deformed flowers that then develop into deformed fruit. In addition, during the flowering and fruiting stage, if the relative humidity in the greenhouse is above 85%, the anthers do not easily dehisce and the ovary is not fully pollinated, which also causes fruit deformation and forms deformed fruit.
Prevention methods:1. Select excellent varieties suitable for protected cultivation and cultivate high-quality strong seedlings of the appropriate age.
2. Appropriately control fertilizer and water, combine nutrient elements properly, and take care to prevent soil from being too high in nitrogen. In terms of fertilizer amount, ensure neither deficiency nor excess, so as to fully meet the physiological needs of strawberry plant growth and development.
3. By controlling the protected cultivation facilities, fully meet the different temperature, light, and humidity requirements of strawberries at different growth stages.
4. Check regularly and remove deformed fruit and tough fruit at any time.
II. Cockscomb fruit of strawberries:
This symptom appears as two connected strawberry fruits growing from one fruit stalk, called twin fruit; three or more strawberry fruits growing from one fruit stalk is cockscomb fruit, also called pouch fruit. The cause of the above symptoms is an imbalance of temperature and light in the greenhouse and an imbalance in the root-to-crown ratio, resulting in less formation of nutrients and increased secretion of growth hormones, which causes abnormal flower bud differentiation in strawberries, disrupts cell division in the floral organs, and leads to malformed, swollen flower buds and flattened stigmas.
Prevention methods:1. Select early-maturing strawberry varieties resistant to deformation.
2. According to the physiological needs of strawberries in protected greenhouses, in addition to supplying sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, also optimize the supply of various trace elements.
3. During the flower bud differentiation stage of strawberries, coordinate the light, temperature, and humidity environment in the greenhouse.
III. Cracked fruit of strawberries:
This symptom mainly occurs when strawberry fruit ripens, with longitudinal cracks appearing on the fruit surface, called cracked fruit. The main cause of the above symptoms is that during the fruit enlargement stage, the temperature is too high, and after the soil dries out, large amounts of irrigation are applied; the fruit cells absorb large amounts of water, splitting the skin.
Prevention methods:1. For strawberries grown in protected greenhouses, choose sandy soil with good physical and chemical properties and strong water- and fertilizer-holding capacity.
2. Irrigate scientifically in the greenhouse, irrigating frequently and lightly, to prevent soil drought and waterlogging in the greenhouse.
3. Strengthen strawberry cultivation management so that the contradiction between growth and fruiting is properly coordinated.
4. Take care to prevent direct sunlight from hitting strawberry fruit in the greenhouse.
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