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What are the technical elements of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata (tianma)?
(1) Change from wild to domestic planting. (2) Adopt single-layer and double-layer cultivation, and further develop to three-layer cultivation. (3) Use the fungal-wood companion planting method to add covering wood to both the upper and lower layers, so that the fungal threads grow both upward and downward, and the fungal threads in the middle layer interweave into a network from top to bottom, which is more conducive to the growth of Gastrodia elata. (4) When using large tree branches and knots as fungal wood, pay attention to using small branches and knots, which not only saves wood but also makes it convenient to use local materials in plain areas, making full use of raw materials. (5) Use wooden box cultivation and brick pool cultivation
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Physiological Diseases of Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms have the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, a wide range of cultivation material sources, simple cultivation techniques, and high economic benefits. In recent years, oyster mushroom production has developed rapidly in our county, but in production, various non-infectious physiological diseases often occur due to poor management, causing yield reductions and directly affecting the economic benefits of oyster mushroom production. Based on many years of production practice experience, we have summarized the symptoms and control techniques of several main physiological diseases that commonly occur in oyster mushroom production. 1. Excessive mycelial growth In oyster mushroom production, excessive mycelial growth often causes the mycelium to become dense
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Cultivation Technical Points for the New High-Temperature Grey Oyster Mushroom Strain
In the spring of 2001, after our oyster mushroom variety comparison trial ended, when the temperature reached as high as 34°C, several oyster mushroom fruiting bodies successively grew on the waste material pile covered with overgrown weeds. The color ranged from greyish-white to greyish-black, the fruiting bodies grew in clusters, and the largest cluster weighed 2.4 kg. Through directional tissue isolation and fruiting trials using bottle cultivation and bag cultivation methods, it performed well. After 2 years of pilot-scale verification, it was confirmed to be an excellent strain for summer cultivation. By the spring of 2004, virus-free treatment was carried out, making its traits more stable, and it can serve as the dominant strain for summer oyster mushroom production.
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Key Technical Points for Temperature Management During the Spawn-Running Stage of Oyster Mushrooms
When oyster mushroom mycelium grows thick and vigorous, the spawn-running success rate is high; especially in the sterilized-substrate cultivation process, the mycelium has a lower chance of being infected by contaminant microorganisms than other varieties. However, in the raw-material cultivation process, its temperature requirements during the mycelial growth stage are very strict. Therefore, correctly mastering the suitable spawn-running temperature is the key to ensuring the success of raw-material cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushroom mycelium grows vigorously at 20°C-30°C and has strong resistance to contaminant microorganisms; even if occasional contamination occurs, the oyster mushroom mycelium can penetrate and consume it, and the spawn runs quickly, with the mycelium
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Management Methods and Technical Key Points for Oyster Mushrooms After Casing Soil
1. Heat preservation and moisture retention: After the oyster mushroom substrate logs are covered with soil, keep the shed temperature at 10°C-15°C, and keep the bed surface moist for about 15 days, until granular mushroom buds appear on the bed surface. After 3-4 days, when the caps grow to 1 cm in diameter, ventilate appropriately for 1 hour at noon. After the mushroom clusters grow larger, ventilate for 1 hour each morning and evening until harvest. Do not water during the growth period of the oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, so as not to drown the young mushrooms or splash soil onto the gills, which would affect the quality and edible value of the oyster mushrooms. 2. Harvesting: Harvest when the oyster mushroom caps curl inward slightly or are flat. When harvesting, support the lower left side of the mycelium with your left hand,
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Lily Harvesting and Seed Saving Methods and Technical Key Points
1. Timely harvesting (1) For vegetable edible lilies, early harvesting can be done from the Summer Solstice to before Minor Heat, when the lower 1/3 of the lily leaves turn yellow, the bulbs are near their maximum size, and the sugar content of the scales reaches its peak. To fetch a high price, "green-stalk lilies" can be harvested early from late June to early July for use as a vegetable. Edible lily bulbs, because of their high water content and high monosaccharide content, are not suitable for seed saving or storage; when used to process dried lilies, the finished product rate is not high. (2) For medicinal and processing lilies, yellow harvesting is suitable around Major Heat, when 2/3 of the lily leaves turn
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Soil Treatment Methods and Key Technical Points for Lily Planting
(1) After the previous crop is harvested, plow and sun-dry the soil immediately to achieve soil disinfection and increase fertility. (2) Apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer (cow and horse manure, barnyard manure, chicken manure, etc.); fully decomposed cake fertilizer may also be applied, and after application, thoroughly turn and mix it evenly. (3) Dig drainage ditches and build raised beds. The bed height is generally 20-30 cm, and the width is about 1.5-2.0 m. The drainage ditches are 0.3-0.5 m wide, and the bed surface is shaped like a turtle shell, low on both sides and high in the middle. The drainage ditches must all connect with one another, so that after heavy rain
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Key Technical Points for Site Selection and Land Preparation in Lily Cultivation
Well-drained, deep sandy loam soil should be chosen. For cultivation in hilly areas, gentle slopes with a gradient below 5 degrees should be selected. Continuous cropping is taboo. Continuous cropping of lilies leads to severe pests and diseases and reduced yield. After selecting the site, soil chemical treatment should be carried out in conjunction with soil plowing to reduce pests and diseases. Use 2.5-5 kg of Jialiu powder or 2-2.5 kg of carbofuran per mu to kill underground pests. Use 1 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder diluted in 500 kg of water per mu to spray the soil for sterilization. Deep plow and prepare the land, adapt to local conditions, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Per
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Lily Leaf Blight: Control Methods and Key Technical Points
Symptoms: Circular or oval lesions form on the leaves, varying in size, with a length of 2 to 10 mm or more. They range from pale yellow to light brown. In some varieties, the spots are light brown, surrounded by a distinct reddish-purple margin, and under humid conditions the spots quickly become covered with a layer of gray mold. When dry, the lesions become thin, easily crumble, are transparent, and generally appear grayish-white. In severe cases, the entire leaf dies. When the stem is infected, it rots and breaks at the point of infection, and the buds turn brown and rot. Spots on the flowers are brown and, when moist, quickly become a sticky mass covered with a gray
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Processing Methods and Technical Key Points for Lily Beverage
Process flow: sorting, separating scales → washing → draining, weighing → pulping → pretreatment → refining → coarse filtration, standing for sedimentation → drawing off clear liquid → blending → fine filtration → high-pressure homogenization → degassing → filling → can sealing → high-pressure sterilization → holding → wiping cans → inspection → labeling → warehousing. Key points of process operation: (1) Sorting, separating scales: sort the purchased fresh lilies, separate the scales, and remove rotten scales, stem bases and other impurities. (2) Washing: pour the sorted lily scales into a water tank for washing to remove mud, sand and other impurities,
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