Cultivation Technical Points for the New High-Temperature Grey Oyster Mushroom Strain
In the spring of 2001, after our oyster mushroom variety comparison trial ended, when the temperature reached as high as 34°C, several oyster mushroom fruiting bodies successively grew on the waste material pile covered with overgrown weeds. The color ranged from greyish-white to greyish-black, the fruiting bodies grew in clusters, and the largest cluster weighed 2.4 kg. Through directional tissue isolation and fruiting trials using bottle cultivation and bag cultivation methods, it performed well. After 2 years of pilot-scale verification, it was confirmed to be an excellent strain for summer cultivation. By the spring of 2004, virus-free treatment was carried out, making its traits more stable, and it can serve as the dominant strain for summer oyster mushroom production.
Cultivation Technical Points
1. Formulating Substrate Nutrition. Whether the substrate nutrition is rich or not directly restricts the quantity of mycelium, the strength of the mycelium, and the number of fruiting bodies, and this is especially prominent in terms of mycelial resistance. In recent years, most people have only focused on selecting new varieties (strains) while neglecting attention to substrate nutrition, which is actually a misconception. Therefore, in recent years we have taken the rational formulation of substrate nutrition as an important research topic and have already achieved definite technical results. The related paper "The Role of Edible Mushroom Three-Dimensional Nutrient Essence and Its Yield-Increasing Mechanism" has been publicly published. This technical product is divided into a mixing type and a spraying type. The former is directly mixed into the substrate, while the latter is sprayed directly onto the fruiting bodies. When the two are combined, the general yield increase effect is about 30%, and pilot tests have shown excellent results. The basic formula is: cottonseed hulls 250 kg, superphosphate 5 kg, urea 0.75 kg, gypsum powder 3.75 kg, edible mushroom two-dimensional nutrient essence (mixing type) 1 bag. When sowing before May, direct raw material cultivation can be used, with a sowing rate of 15%. When cultivating from June to August, 5 kg of lime powder can be added to ferment the material, but the edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence should be evenly added after fermentation is completed. The input-output ratio is about 1:6.
2. Disinfection and Insect Killing in the Mushroom Shed. Today, when pollution-free and even green food standards are emphasized, the use of various chemical pesticides should be strictly limited in production, especially highly toxic and high-residue drugs, which must not be used. An important part of this technology is to organically combine environmental disinfection and insect killing treatment with green food standards: outside the cultivation shed, on the basis of cleaning the environment, carbendazim or lime-sulfur mixture and dichlorvos and other drugs can be sprayed, while inside the cultivation shed, drugs such as Baibing Quwuzong and Mushroom Disease Killer are used for preventive medication. If diseases appear on the fruiting bodies, then according to the pathogen species and degree of occurrence, Huanggu Yipenling, Mushroom Disease Killer, and others are used to inhibit or kill them. For cultivation from May to October, a highly effective insect repellent solution is sprayed inside the shed to repel mushroom gnats and mushroom flies, achieving the goal of both preventing and controlling diseases and insects and ensuring that the product is green.
3. Extending Post-Ripening Mycelial Growth. Extending the mycelial growth time allows the mycelium to decompose and absorb more substrate nutrients and accumulate more biological energy, creating rich material conditions for fruiting. As is well known, fruiting is based on the quantity of mycelium, and the quantity of mycelium is premised on substrate nutrition and the length of mycelial growth time. Under the same conditions, if mycelial growth is extended by more than 7 days, a yield increase effect of about 20% can be obtained. Therefore, under normal mycelial growth conditions, conditions should be created to extend mycelial growth, especially the post-ripening mycelial growth time, so that the mycelium decomposes and absorbs more nutrients and increases the quantity of mycelium. On the one hand, this can improve the resistance of the mycelium, and on the other hand, it can provide irreplaceable biological energy for explosive fruiting. Specific measures that can be taken include low temperature, avoiding light, and reducing humidity.
4. Implementing Foliar Fertilization. Although fruiting bodies do not carry out photosynthesis, their growth still requires a considerable amount of nutrient elements. In particular, the lack of trace elements makes their nutrition incomplete, makes it difficult to increase yield, and makes it difficult to improve quality. Practice has proved that spraying edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence (spraying type) can effectively solve this problem. Usage method: add 1 bag to each sprayer of water (about 15 kg), adjust the water temperature to 25-32°C, and when the mushroom cap diameter is about 2 cm, spray directly onto the fruiting bodies, spraying 3 times in succession to achieve the yield-increasing goal, and also greatly increase the thickness of the mushroom cap and enhance its toughness.
After adopting the above series of technical measures, most cultivations can achieve a biological efficiency of 120%-150%.