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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for High-Yield Raspberry Cultivation and Management
Raspberries have very strong adaptability. In our country, except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, they can be planted in most areas. In the north, raspberries can endure low temperatures of -40 to -45°C, and they can be planted anywhere in the south. In subtropical regions certain changes will occur, because raspberry roots do not have natural dormancy; when their symbiotic conditions are met, they will grow year-round without shedding leaves. They can bear fruit twice a year, but the fruit shape is slightly smaller than fruit from the north, while the yield is higher than in the north. There are many raspberry varieties, with more than 400 in the world. In terms of fruit shape, there are red, black, yellow, purple and other colors. Fruit weight is generally 5-10 grams, with the largest reaching 20 grams. Raspberry yield is 1000-1500 kg per 667 sq m.</p><p></p><p>Orchard Establishment and Planting </p><p>Raspberries can be planted in spring or autumn. Spring planting is after the soil thaws and before the seedlings sprout (March-April), while autumn planting is preferably after the seedlings have lignified and before the soil freezes (October-November). For field planting of raspberries, the row spacing is 2.5 m and the plant spacing is 0.8 m, with 2-3 plants per hole, 660-990 plants per 667 sq m. Before planting, soak the seedling roots in water for 12-24 hours to ensure the seedlings have sufficient moisture in their bodies. At planting time, the seedling roots should be 15 cm from the ground, and the area around the seedlings should be 30 cm. When covering with soil, compact the soil, and it is best that the soil does not exceed the seedling soil mark. Water thoroughly once.</p><p>Trellising and Guiding Branches </p><p>When branches grow to 1.5 m, trellising and branch guiding must be carried out. Within the row, set a post every 5-10 m, 1.5 m high, and stretch two wire lines. The upper wire is fixed at the top of the posts, and the lower wire is 1 m above the ground. Guide the branches onto the wire lines in a fan shape and tie them well.</p><p>Pruning </p><p>Pruning is divided into three times. The first pruning is at planting time. After the seedlings survive, excessively dense, thin and weak branches and damaged branches should be cut off flush with the ground. When the new shoots of the year grow to 40-60 cm, for plants with relatively low density, pinch the tips at 10 cm to promote the sprouting of new side branches and increase the number of branches. The second is pruning of basal shoots (that is, the new shoots of the year). It is advisable to leave basal shoots cut back to 1.3-1.5 m; those exceeding 1.5 m should be pruned. For each plant cluster, select and retain 6-8 vigorous basal shoots and cut off the rest. The third pruning is after fruit harvesting is finished, when the fruiting canes should be cut off flush with the ground.</p><p>Fertilizer and Water Management </p><p>Base fertilizer should preferably be applied in early autumn, mainly with decomposed farmyard manure, and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer may also be added. Apply the base fertilizer mixed with soil on one side 40-60 cm from the plant. When applying chemical fertilizer, the soil must have sufficient moisture. Apply about 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer on one side 50 cm from the plant. Raspberry is a shallow-rooted plant. When watering during drought, it is enough for soil moisture to reach 40 cm; the principle is that it can be watered in drought and drained in waterlogging. In weak areas, water once with winter protection water before winter. In arid areas, some leaves, chopped straw and the like can be spread around the raspberries, which can prevent water evaporation and also increase soil fertility.</p><p>Intertillage and Weeding </p><p>Raspberries can be intertilled and weeded twice each year. For chemical weeding, acetochlor, glyphosate, simazine, linuron and other chemical herbicides can be used (use according to the instructions). In order to improve land utilization, some low-growing plants, such as beans and potatoes, can be planted between the fruit trees.</p><p>Raspberry fruits can be picked and marketed when they are 90% ripe; for industrial deep processing, they must be harvested only when fully ripe.</p>
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Key Management Techniques After Top Grafting and Replanting of Lychee
After top grafting of lychee, sun protection and ant prevention work must be done well, and new shoots on the original rootstock and water-drawing branches should be removed promptly and regularly so that nutrients are concentrated in the scion, facilitating the sprouting of new shoots and growth and development. After the graft has survived, cut off the water-drawing branches in stages and batches. After the first flush of shoots has completely turned green, cut off part of the water-drawing branches; after the second flush of shoots has fully matured, cut off part of the water-drawing branches; in the spring and summer of the second year after grafting, cut off all water-drawing branches.
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Detailed Explanation of the Cultivation Technique for Three Harvests of Reishi Mushroom in One Year
Reishi mushroom is a medicinal fungus. With the development of modern medicine, its medicinal value has been continuously discovered, and therefore artificial cultivation has attracted widespread attention. Its high-yield cultivation technique is neither as complicated as some people think, nor as simple as some people think. As long as
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Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Planting and Propagating Honeysuckle
Honeysuckle, also known as jinhua, yinhua, shuanghua, rendonghua, etc., is a plant of the genus Lonicera in the family Caprifoliaceae, with its flower buds and vine leaves used medicinally. Honeysuckle prefers a warm and humid climate, has relatively strong adaptability, is not demanding about soil, and is cold-tolerant and waterlogging-tolerant. In the mountainous areas,
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Spring Sowing Cultivation Techniques of Isatis Root
Currently, the Chinese medicinal herb Isatis root is well regarded in the market. The spring sowing season for Isatis root is approaching, so how is Isatis root cultivated in spring? 1. Land selection and preparation. Isatis root is a deep-rooted plant, with a main root that can reach 40-50 cm in length, so fertile sandy soil with deep soil layers and good drainage should be selected for planting. Before sowing, plow the land deeply 20-30 cm; sandy land can be plowed slightly shallower. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly farmyard manure, then break up the clods and rake level to make beds. In the south, high beds are mainly used to facilitate drainage. Generally, the bed width is 1.5-2 m and the height is about 20 cm. 2. Sowing. Isatis root should be sown in March to April. When sowing, first draw shallow furrows about 2 cm deep on the bed surface at a row spacing of 20-25 cm, then evenly scatter the seeds into the furrows, cover with about 1 cm of soil, press lightly, and water appropriately in dry conditions. When the temperature is suitable, seedlings can emerge 7-10 days after sowing. The seeding rate per mu is 1.5-2 kg. 3. Field management. When the seedlings are 7-10 cm tall, thin them in time in combination with cultivating and weeding, and finally set the plants at a spacing of 6-8 cm. After setting the plants, according to the plant growth condition, appropriately apply one additional application of human excrement and urine or chemical fertilizer. In plain areas with abundant water or in rainy seasons, deep ditches should be added around the field to facilitate timely drainage and avoid root rot. If hot and dry weather occurs during the dog days, water in the early morning and evening, and be sure not to water under direct sunlight. 4. Harvesting and processing. For spring-sown Isatis root, the leaves can be harvested 2-3 times. The first time is in mid-June, when the seedlings are 20 cm tall, leaving stubble of 2-3 cm to encourage new leaf growth; the second time is in late August. It is not suitable to harvest during the hot dog days to avoid causing death of large patches. The harvested leaves are sun-dried and become the medicinal Daqingye. Those with large leaves, few broken pieces, cleanliness, dark green color, and no musty smell are best. Isatis root should be dug before the onset of winter on a sunny day. When digging, be sure to dig deep to prevent breaking the roots. After lifting from the soil, remove all soil, stems, and leaves, spread out to dry until 70-80 percent dry, tie into small bundles, then sun-dry further and they can be taken to the market to sell.
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Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of the New Technique for Raising Goji Berry Seedlings by Cuttings
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a perennial deciduous small shrub, about 2 m tall, with angular and thorny branches; the single leaves are alternate or clustered on short shoots, lanceolate or rhombic, with entire margins; the flowers are purple-red; the berry is orange-red, ovate or oblong. Goji berry prefers cool, moist, fertile soil and is tolerant of
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for the Lychee Stink Bug
The lychee stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa), belonging to Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, is a major pest of longan in our region. Both adults and nymphs pierce and suck the sap of tender shoots, flower clusters and young fruit; the damaged parts become discolored and dry up, causing flower and fruit drop. When disturbed, the foul liquid it emits touches tender leaves, flowers and fruit
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Detailed Cultivation Techniques for Mini Watermelons in Summer and Autumn
For summer-autumn watermelons, especially mini watermelons, the quality is excellent, the price is high, the benefits are good, and the market prospects are broad. The relevant practical experience is summarized as follows. Variety selection: Summer-autumn watermelon varieties must be able to tolerate high temperature and heavy rain, show stable fruit setting under high temperature conditions, and achieve relatively high sugar content in an environment with a small temperature difference between day and night. Better varieties: Black Beauty, Xiaoling, Liling, Xiaolan, Diana.
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What are the key technical points for post-harvest pest and disease control in loquat?
Currently, most loquat fruit has been harvested. In addition to strengthening fertilizer and water management, pest and disease control is also an important prerequisite for ensuring whether the fruit trees can grow and develop normally and flower and bear fruit later. The main pests and diseases after loquat harvest include leaf spot disease, pear psylla, mites, aphids, etc.,
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Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for High-Ridge Cultivation of Chinese Yam
Chinese yam, also known as shuyu (Dioscorea), is a perennial herbaceous vine. It prefers dry conditions and fears waterlogging, and is suitable for growing in environments with ample sunlight, a warm climate, and relatively dry conditions. The optimum temperature for germination is around 15°C, and the optimum temperature for growth is 17-28°C. Generally, a slightly acidic sandy loam soil with deep, loose soil should be selected.
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