Raspberries have very strong adaptability. In our country, except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, they can be planted in most areas. In the north, raspberries can endure low temperatures of -40 to -45°C, and they can be planted anywhere in the south. In subtropical regions certain changes will occur, because raspberry roots do not have natural dormancy; when their symbiotic conditions are met, they will grow year-round without shedding leaves. They can bear fruit twice a year, but the fruit shape is slightly smaller than fruit from the north, while the yield is higher than in the north. There are many raspberry varieties, with more than 400 in the world. In terms of fruit shape, there are red, black, yellow, purple and other colors. Fruit weight is generally 5-10 grams, with the largest reaching 20 grams. Raspberry yield is 1000-1500 kg per 667 sq m.</p><p></p><p>Orchard Establishment and Planting </p><p>Raspberries can be planted in spring or autumn. Spring planting is after the soil thaws and before the seedlings sprout (March-April), while autumn planting is preferably after the seedlings have lignified and before the soil freezes (October-November). For field planting of raspberries, the row spacing is 2.5 m and the plant spacing is 0.8 m, with 2-3 plants per hole, 660-990 plants per 667 sq m. Before planting, soak the seedling roots in water for 12-24 hours to ensure the seedlings have sufficient moisture in their bodies. At planting time, the seedling roots should be 15 cm from the ground, and the area around the seedlings should be 30 cm. When covering with soil, compact the soil, and it is best that the soil does not exceed the seedling soil mark. Water thoroughly once.</p><p>Trellising and Guiding Branches </p><p>When branches grow to 1.5 m, trellising and branch guiding must be carried out. Within the row, set a post every 5-10 m, 1.5 m high, and stretch two wire lines. The upper wire is fixed at the top of the posts, and the lower wire is 1 m above the ground. Guide the branches onto the wire lines in a fan shape and tie them well.</p><p>Pruning </p><p>Pruning is divided into three times. The first pruning is at planting time. After the seedlings survive, excessively dense, thin and weak branches and damaged branches should be cut off flush with the ground. When the new shoots of the year grow to 40-60 cm, for plants with relatively low density, pinch the tips at 10 cm to promote the sprouting of new side branches and increase the number of branches. The second is pruning of basal shoots (that is, the new shoots of the year). It is advisable to leave basal shoots cut back to 1.3-1.5 m; those exceeding 1.5 m should be pruned. For each plant cluster, select and retain 6-8 vigorous basal shoots and cut off the rest. The third pruning is after fruit harvesting is finished, when the fruiting canes should be cut off flush with the ground.</p><p>Fertilizer and Water Management </p><p>Base fertilizer should preferably be applied in early autumn, mainly with decomposed farmyard manure, and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer may also be added. Apply the base fertilizer mixed with soil on one side 40-60 cm from the plant. When applying chemical fertilizer, the soil must have sufficient moisture. Apply about 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer on one side 50 cm from the plant. Raspberry is a shallow-rooted plant. When watering during drought, it is enough for soil moisture to reach 40 cm; the principle is that it can be watered in drought and drained in waterlogging. In weak areas, water once with winter protection water before winter. In arid areas, some leaves, chopped straw and the like can be spread around the raspberries, which can prevent water evaporation and also increase soil fertility.</p><p>Intertillage and Weeding </p><p>Raspberries can be intertilled and weeded twice each year. For chemical weeding, acetochlor, glyphosate, simazine, linuron and other chemical herbicides can be used (use according to the instructions). In order to improve land utilization, some low-growing plants, such as beans and potatoes, can be planted between the fruit trees.</p><p>Raspberry fruits can be picked and marketed when they are 90% ripe; for industrial deep processing, they must be harvested only when fully ripe.</p>
Raspberries are highly adaptable and can be planted in most parts of our country except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the north, raspberries can tolerate low temperatures of -40 to -45°C, and they can be planted anywhere in the south. Certain changes will occur in subtropical regions, because the raspberry root system has no natural dormancy, and under conditions that satisfy its symbiosis, it will grow year-round without shedding leaves. Fruit can be picked twice a year, but the fruit shape is slightly smaller than that of northern fruit, and the yield is higher than in the north. There are many raspberry varieties, with more than 400 in the world. In terms of fruit shape, there are red, black, yellow, purple and other colors. Fruit weight is generally 5-10 grams, and the largest can reach 20 grams. Raspberry yield is 1000-1500 kg per 667 sq m.
Orchard establishment and planting
Raspberries can be planted in spring or autumn. Spring planting is best after the soil thaws and before the seedlings sprout (March-April), and autumn planting is best after the seedlings have lignified and before the soil freezes (October-November). For field planting of raspberries, the row spacing is 2.5 m, the plant spacing is 0.8 m, with 2-3 plants per hole, and 660-990 plants per 667 sq m. Before planting, soak the seedling roots in water for 12-24 hours to ensure the seedlings have sufficient moisture in their bodies. At planting time, the seedling roots should be 15 cm from the ground, and 30 cm around the seedling. When covering with soil, press the soil firmly, and it is best that the soil does not exceed the seedling soil mark. Water thoroughly once.
Trellising and branch guiding
When the branches grow to 1.5 m, they must be trellised and guided. Within the row, set a post every 5-10 m, 1.5 m high, and stretch two wire lines. The upper wire is fixed at the top of the post, and the lower wire is 1 m from the ground. Guide the branches onto the wire lines in a fan shape and tie them well.
Pruning
Pruning is divided into three times. The first pruning is at planting time. After the seedlings survive, overly dense thin weak branches and damaged branches should be cut off at ground level. When the new shoots of the year grow to 40-60 cm, for plants with lower density, pinch the tips by 10 cm to promote the sprouting of new side branches and increase the number of branches. The second is pruning the basal shoots (that is, the new shoots of the year). It is best to cut basal shoots back to 1.3-1.5 m; those exceeding 1.5 m should be pruned. Select and retain 6-8 vigorous basal shoots per plant cluster, and cut off the rest. The third pruning is after fruit harvesting is finished, when the fruiting canes should be cut off at ground level.
Fertilizer and water management
Base fertilizer should preferably be applied in early autumn, mainly with decomposed farmyard manure, and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer may also be added. Apply the base fertilizer mixed with soil on one side 40-60 cm from the plant. When applying chemical fertilizer, the soil must have sufficient moisture; apply about 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer on one side 50 cm from the plant. Raspberries are shallow-rooted plants. When watering during drought, soil moisture reaching 40 cm is sufficient; the principle is that it can be watered in drought and drained in waterlogging. In weak areas, water once with winter irrigation before winter. In arid areas, some leaves, chopped straw and the like can be spread around raspberries, which can prevent water evaporation and also increase soil fertility.
Intertillage and weeding
Raspberries can be intertilled and weeded twice a year. For chemical weeding, alachlor, glyphosate, simazine, linuron and other chemical herbicides can be used (use according to the instructions). To improve land utilization, some short plants such as beans and potatoes can be planted between the fruit trees.
Raspberry fruit can be picked and marketed when it is 90% ripe, but for deep industrial processing it must be harvested only when fully ripe.