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Recommendations for the Occurrence and Control of Pests and Diseases in Winter Potatoes
In recent years, the potato planting area in our city has been continuously expanding, and various potato pests and diseases have been occurring in succession, seriously affecting potato yield and quality. It is currently the potato growing season. According to recent surveys conducted by our station and the Huidong station in Tieyong, Renshan and other places, the main pests and diseases occurring in winter potatoes in our city include: potato bacterial wilt, blackleg, late blight, viral diseases, as well as underground pests and aphids. All localities should strengthen surveys, and in particular, do a good job in controlling soil-borne diseases of potatoes. I. Occurrence of Pests and Diseases
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Key Points of High-Yield Winter Cultivation Techniques for Potatoes
1. Site selection and land preparation. For winter-planted potatoes, choose sandy loam soil with convenient transportation, deep topsoil, good drainage and aeration, rich organic matter, sufficient water sources, convenient irrigation and drainage, slightly acidic, and with rice as the previous crop. Land preparation should involve deep plowing and fine harrowing, ensuring the loose soil layer reaches more than 8 cun; form ridges and beds, with double-row planting ridge surface width of 2.5-2.8 chi, furrow width of 7-8 cun, requiring fine and crumbly soil clods, with ridge surfaces and furrow bottoms level and straight. 2. Seed potato treatment and cutting. After purchasing seed potatoes, remove diseased, rotten, and mixed potatoes, spread out the good seed potatoes and spray with 200-fold formalin or 600-fold Daconil
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Key Technical Points for Winter Potato Cultivation with No-Till or Minimum-Till Rice Straw Mulching
I. No-till or minimum-till field preparation. 1. Selection of no-till or minimum-till fields. No-till or minimum-till potato cultivation is best carried out in sandy loam fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, a pH value of 5.5-6, and good water and fertilizer retention. It is especially suitable for planting in sandy loam paddy fields with good drainage and irrigation conditions during the winter fallow period in our city. Fields prone to drought and water shortage and shallow, poor fields, heavy clay fields, low-lying fields, mountain pit fields, cold waterlogged fields, and rotten
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Winter Potato Cultivation Techniques
Variety selection: Choose virus-free potato varieties with high yield, wide adaptability and good market quality, such as Zihua 851 and Kexin No. 3. Seed potato preparation: Generally, small seed potatoes of 25-30 grams are selected for sowing. Sprout the seed potatoes 20 days before sowing. Soak intact seed potatoes in a 10 mg/kg gibberellin solution for 15 minutes, then place them in moist sand to sprout. Be careful to keep the sand moist and prevent waterlogging. For cut seed potatoes, each piece should have more than 1 vigorous sprout. After cutting, dip the cut surfaces in plant ash for sprouting. When the sprout reaches 1 cm and white root points appear at the base of the sprout,
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Detailed Explanation of Key Cultivation Techniques for Winter Potatoes
Potatoes are a crop that provides both food and income while enriching the soil. Using idle winter fields to grow potatoes is an effective way to build soil fertility and increase farmers' income. The key cultivation techniques are as follows: 1. Site selection and land preparation: For winter potatoes, choose sandy loam or tidal sandy mud fields with convenient transportation, fertile soil, deep soil layers, loose structure, and good drainage and irrigation conditions. When harvesting the late-season rice, cut the rice stubble low, plow deep and harrow fine, and form ridges and beds 1.2 m including the furrow, with a bed width of 0.85-0.9 m, a furrow width of 0.25 m, and a ridge height of 0.25 m. Land preparation requires fine, crumbly soil clods and ridges
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In early winter, laying ducks are prone to "reverse molting", so farmers should beware of a drop in egg production rate
"Reverse molting" in laying ducks refers to female ducks raised in spring that enter the laying period in November, when the temperature gradually turns colder, and the day-night temperature difference is too large or nutrition is insufficient, causing ducks that have just started laying to stop producing and go on "vacation". If laying ducks begin "reverse molting", they start to molt, and once molting begins they will not lay eggs again until the following spring. If duck "reverse molting" can be controlled during this period, the laying period can be greatly extended and the economic benefits of duck farming increased. When ducks show signs of "reverse molting" such as eggs becoming smaller, eggshells becoming thinner, delayed laying time, wet feathers after drinking water and coming ashore, and crowding into the duck house, measures should be taken promptly
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How to store Gastrodia elata seeds for safe overwintering
The seeds can be stored in a pit dug inside a cellar. First dig a pit in the cellar; the size of the pit depends on the amount of seeds, and the pit depth is 45-50 cm. The vegetative propagation stems should be removed from the seeds, and they should be air-dried for 1-2 days before being put into the cellar. Sand with a moisture content of 20% should be chosen as the filling material. Sand that is too wet or too dry is harmful to the seeds. After the pit is dug, place a layer (3 cm thick) of sand with grains ranging in size from millet to sorghum at the bottom, lay out one layer of seeds, and arrange 4-5 layers of seeds in total, with the topmost layer covered by 5-6 cm of sand. Each layer of seeds must be laid out singly, with no contact between
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Key Technical Points for Mushroom Cultivation and Management in Winter Fallow Fields
Using winter fallow fields to cultivate mushrooms with rice straw and manure as the main raw materials can greatly increase income, and the spent substrate after cultivation can be returned directly to the field or used as raw material for bio-organic fertilizer. The winter fallow field mushroom cultivation technique is introduced as follows: Substrate formula: when stacking materials, calculated per square meter of mushroom bed, use 12.5-13.5 kg of dry rice straw, 0.8 kg of rapeseed cake powder, 0.45 kg of gypsum powder, 0.45 kg of superphosphate, 0.45 kg of compound fertilizer, and 0.45 kg of lime powder. Per mu
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The key to a bountiful spring mushroom harvest lies in winter mushroom bed management
After the autumn mushroom harvest, if no heating is applied for winter mushroom production, the mushroom bed enters the winter management stage. The quality of winter mushroom bed management greatly affects the spring mushroom yield of the following year. Heat preservation and ventilation: In winter, keep the mushroom house temperature above 3°C so that the room does not freeze, preventing the mycelium from freezing damage. Before winter arrives, check the four walls of the mushroom house one by one, plug air leaks, and hang cloth curtains on doors and windows to prevent cold wind from entering. On warm days, pay attention to ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh. At noon, open the south windows of the mushroom house for 2 to 3 hours. When the weather is warm and windless and the outdoor temperature is above 8°C, open both the south and north windows to allow air convection. When the outdoor temperature at noon is below 5°C, ventilation should be suspended.
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Six Major Mushroom Disease Prevention and Treatment Methods for Winter
Brown rot disease: When mushrooms are infected at a young stage, they cannot differentiate, and later form irregular grayish-white "lumpy heads," such as extremely thick caps resembling fists, or caps and stipes that are difficult to distinguish, with a layer of "white fuzz" growing on the surface. When the temperature is above 20°C, within 4-5 days the diseased mushrooms darken in color, then rot, exuding a brown, soy-sauce-like liquid, and rot and emit a foul odor; if the shed temperature is below 20°C, this process takes longer, requiring about 7 days or more. When fruiting bodies are infected at the mid-growth stage, brown lesions appear on the cap surface, the stipe becomes thick and swollen, and then the mushroom body
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