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What is leaf curl disease in geranium viral diseases
There are many types of geranium viral diseases. The following common ones are mainly distributed in Europe and the Americas, with a few reports also in Asia. Geranium leaf curl disease is also known as geranium crinkle leaf disease. [Pathogen] Pelargonium leaf curl virus (Pelargoniumleafcurlvirus, PLCV), thermal death point 85-90°C. [Symptoms] Chlorotic spots appear on young leaves, then develop into yellow round or star-shaped spots with a dark yellow center and a pale halo around them, along with necrotic perforation
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Mushrooms can achieve increased yield with traditional fertilization methods
To achieve high mushroom yields, appropriate supplementary fertilization is essential. Based on years of practical experience by mushroom growers in many places, the following nine traditional fertilization methods have proven to have excellent yield-increasing effects. Mushroom growers are encouraged to try them in practice. Applying mushroom soup. Collect mushroom stems and broken mushrooms left over from harvesting and processing, wash them clean, cut them into thin slices, add 1--1.5 kg of water per kg of material, boil for 15 minutes, take the filtrate and dilute with water to 10--15 kg, and spray on mushroom beds of 30--40 sq m. Use during the peak fruiting period,
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Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Preventing and Controlling Mushroom Dead Button Disease
Mushroom dead button refers to the phenomenon in which small mushrooms on the mushroom bed shrink, turn yellow, and die. The appearance of withered mushrooms in patches or batches can severely affect yield. 1. Causes of dead button: ① Temperatures too high in late autumn (exceeding 23°C), or during the spring fruiting period when temperatures rise too high and too quickly (several consecutive days at 21°C), causing small mushroom buttons to shrink and die from nutrient deficiency. ② Poor ventilation in the mushroom house, insufficient o2 and excessively high co2 concentration, and the heat generated by metabolism cannot be dissipated quickly, causing small mushroom buttons to die in batches from insufficient oxygen supply or high temperature. ③
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Physiological Diseases of Button Mushrooms
Button mushrooms are relatively sensitive to their environment. A poor cultivation environment will hinder their normal growth and development, produce various abnormal phenomena, and lead to reduced yield and lower quality. Common physiological diseases of button mushrooms include excessive mycelial growth, hard opening of the caps, thin-skinned early opening, and the appearance of soil-level mushrooms and hollow-stemmed white-core mushrooms. They are described below: Symptoms of excessive mycelial growth: after the mushroom bed is cased and watered, the fluffy mycelium of the button mushroom will continuously grow toward the surface of the fine soil. In severe cases, it will form a fine, water-impermeable mycelial mat, thereby delaying the time of fruiting and reducing the mushroom
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What are the main symptoms of mushroom Verticillium disease?
Verticillium disease is also called dry bubble disease, dry rot disease, black spot disease, etc. It belongs to the fungal phylum, Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes. Moniliales, Moniliaceae. In addition to harming mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, it also infects silver ear fungus. [1]Symptoms: It generally does not infect the mycelium, only the fruiting bodies, but it can spread along the mushroom rhizomorphs. Dry rot spreads very quickly and has a strong infective ability against fruiting bodies. If damaged before primordium differentiation, it forms relatively dry grayish-white tissue masses that cannot differentiate to form stipes and caps, and later do not exude juice or have a foul odor. Young mushrooms
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What are the control measures for mushroom Verticillium disease?
First, in areas where the disease occurs frequently, after the mushroom bags are brought into the shed or after the casing soil is applied to the shiitake and button mushrooms, in addition to the cultivation beds, spray a 500-fold dilution of Vertimec solution once on the shelves, floor, walls and other places in the mushroom house for prevention. Second, at the early stage of the disease, watering should be stopped immediately, and the temperature should be lowered to below 15°C. At the same time, around the diseased mushrooms, 2% formaldehyde and a 1:500 dilution of Vertimec solution can be sprayed continuously two or more times. When the damage is relatively serious, first remove all diseased mushrooms, stop using water, ventilate and dry, burn the diseased mushrooms and then spray the pesticide, which can inhibit the spread of the pathogen.
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What are the pest and disease control methods for the Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng?
1. Diseases 1.1 Black spot disease occurs mostly in the high-temperature, high-humidity season from June to July, causing plants to twist and break and die. The control method is to adjust the shade shed's light transmittance to below 20%, and spray with 1.5% polyoxin 150-fold solution or 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-800-fold solution. 1.2 Phytophthora blight is a devastating disease of Panax notoginseng at the seedling stage. It occurs mostly from June to July, damaging leaves and petioles. The control method is to strengthen field management, reduce temperature and humidity; promptly remove residues and burn them in a centralized manner, and spray with 65% zineb wettable powder 500-fold solution for treatment.
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What to do when the medicinal plant Panax notoginseng gets root-knot nematode disease
Symptoms After the roots of Panax notoginseng are invaded by nematodes, the root cells are stimulated by the nematodes and produce tumor-like galls of varying sizes. Both the main root and lateral roots can become deformed and form galls. The small ones are 1-2 mm, and the large ones can turn the entire root system into a single tumor-like mass. After being infected for a longer time, the plant's branches and leaves turn yellow or fall off. Pathogen Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitwood, called the southern root-knot nematode. The pathogenic nematode is sexually dimorphic, and the larvae
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Interplanting autumn soybeans in rice paddies yields good increases in both output and income
According to trials: after the mid-season rice harvest, by using the temperature and light conditions in the field, planting an additional season of autumn soybeans can increase soybean yield by 60-120 kg/mu, with economic income of 150-420 yuan/mu, giving a relatively good effect of increasing both output and income, and it is suitable for extension in ratoon rice areas below 400 m in altitude. The key technical points are as follows: 1. Suitable site and good varieties: fields below 400 m in altitude with no water for retaining ratoon rice, as well as all rice seed production fields, can be planted. After the rice grains have set, open ditches to drain water; after the rice harvest, promptly clear weeds and rice stubble, without plowing, and according to
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Detailed Explanation of Main Soybean Disease Control Measures
Soybean mosaic virus disease The pathogen of soybean mosaic virus disease is a virus, and there is currently no specific chemical agent. The key to controlling this disease is to control the occurrence, spread and damage of aphids, so as to "cut off the source of the virus and control the disease by controlling the insect." Apply pesticides in a timely manner in the early stage of aphid occurrence and keep them under control at the beginning of the peak period. 1. Agricultural control: ① Promote disease-resistant (tolerant) varieties; ② Strictly select seeds before sowing and remove brown spot seeds; ③ Establish a virus-free (low-virus) seed propagation system and healthy seed fields. Healthy seeds should be selected for seed fields, and diseased seedlings should be removed in combination with hoeing before aphids occur. Seed fields should be isolated from virus sources by more than 100 m to prevent the spread of the pathogen; ④ Avoid late sowing so that the susceptible period avoids the aphid peak; ⑤ When aphids appear in soybean fields, control them in a timely manner. 50% pirimicarb wettable powder and 5% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate may be used; ⑥ Clear weeds around the farmland. 2. Physical or biological control: Silver-gray plastic film may be placed in the field to repel aphids. The amount and frequency of chemical pesticide application should be minimized in the field to protect natural enemies of aphids such as green lacewings, ladybugs and hoverflies. 3. Chemical control: Start spraying for control before the onset of viral disease or in the early stage of the disease. In July to August, agents for controlling viral diseases may also be sprayed in combination with aphid control. 4. Commonly used agents: 2% Jun Ke Du Ke aqueous solution, 20% Virus A wettable powder, etc. 5. Scope of application: All soybean production areas. 6. Precautions: Spraying should be uniform with no missed areas, and application should be continuous 2 times with an interval of 7 days to 10 days each time; actions should be unified and control should be concentrated and contiguous. Agents should be used alternately to prevent the development of aphid resistance.
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