Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Preventing and Controlling Mushroom Dead Button Disease

Mushroom dead button refers to the phenomenon in which small mushrooms on the mushroom bed shrink, turn yellow, and die. The appearance of withered mushrooms in patches or batches can severely affect yield.

1. Causes of dead button: ① Temperatures too high in late autumn (exceeding 23°C), or during the spring fruiting period when temperatures rise too high and too quickly (several consecutive days at 21°C), causing small mushroom buttons to shrink and die from nutrient deficiency. ② Poor ventilation in the mushroom house, insufficient o2 and excessively high co2 concentration, and the heat generated by metabolism cannot be dissipated quickly, causing small mushroom buttons to die in batches from insufficient oxygen supply or high temperature. ③ After casing soil is applied and before fruiting, the mycelium grows too quickly, resulting in overly dense mushroom buttons, insufficient nutrient supply, and the death of some mushroom buttons. ④ When the temperature is above 22°C and the relative humidity is above 95%, or when doors and windows are closed after watering, water accumulates on the surface of the mycelium, and the small mushroom buttons suffocate and die. ⑤ Careless management operations cause mechanical damage that leads to dead button. ⑥ Frequent and heavy pesticide spraying causes mushroom buttons to die from phytotoxicity.

2. Control methods: ① According to local climatic conditions, arrange the inoculation time properly to avoid fruiting during high-temperature seasons. ② Pay attention to cooling the mushroom house to prevent high-temperature damage. ③ During the casing soil and water adjustment stage, prevent the mycelium from growing out of the soil surface, lower the fruiting position, and avoid overly dense fruiting. ④ When watering during high-temperature periods, open doors and windows, and use bamboo skewers to poke holes where water accumulates in the substrate layer to improve ventilation. ⑤ When controlling pests, diseases, and contaminant fungi, do not use excessive amounts of pesticides, and avoid using pesticides during the fruiting period.