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What are the basic methods for diagnosing diseases in raccoon dogs?
(1) General examination includes inquiry, visual inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion, and olfactory examination. (2) Necropsy technique. The necropsy technique is a method that uses knowledge of pathological anatomy to make an on-site diagnosis based on the pathological changes in the carcass. The necropsy should be performed as soon as possible after the raccoon dog dies, to prevent postmortem changes from affecting the diagnosis. The necropsy is best performed in the pathology room of the animal farm. If conditions do not allow it, and the necropsy must be performed outdoors, choose a place with dry terrain, far from water sources, roads, and residences, and properly dispose of the carcass after the necropsy.
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Basic Overview of Protein in Pig Nutrition
(1) Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most widely available and the largest proportion of nutrients in the diet, and are the main energy source for pigs. In cereal grain feeds, there is very little soluble grass sugar and disaccharide, mainly starch, so it is the main energy source for pigs. Starch is broken down by amylase in the digestive tract into glucose, which is then absorbed into the blood as blood sugar. It provides energy through biological oxidation in the body. The digestibility of soluble sugar and starch by livestock is 95%-100%. For piglets before 2-3 weeks of age, due to insufficient pancreatic amylase and intestinal disaccharidase secreted in the digestive tract, piglets fed large amounts of starch feed grow poorly. Before 7 days of age, piglets fed glucose and lactose can utilize them effectively. After 7-10 days of age, they can utilize fructose and sucrose, but young pigs after feeding generally suffer from severe diarrhea, weight loss and high mortality. Crude fiber, after treatment with a certain concentration of acid and alkali, the remaining residue is called crude fiber. This determination method is incorrect. Generally, crude fiber in feed contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their composition ratio is unstable. In typical feed crude fiber, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are 50%-80%, 20% and 10%-50% respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides. Cellulose is a glucose polymer, and hemicellulose is composed of hybrid sugars (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, uronic acid). Lignin is a group of complex and difficult-to-digest substances - incomplete polymers of phenylpropane derivatives. These substances are the main structural components of plant cell walls. In the Van Soest analysis method, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) estimates the total plant cell wall components mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) includes cellulose and lignin. The difference between NDF and ADF is the hemicellulose in the feed. The pig small intestine has no enzymes to digest crude fiber and cannot digest cellulose, hemicellulose and hemicellulose, but crude fiber enters the large intestine and undergoes microbial fermentation. The main end product of its digestion is volatile fatty acids, which supply about 5%-28% of the maintenance energy requirement. The digestibility of crude fiber is generally 30%-39%. Its digestibility is affected by fiber source, degree of lignification, content in the diet and degree of processing, so it varies greatly. The utilization of fiber is affected by the physical and chemical composition of the diet, the nutritional level of the diet, and the age of the animal. The digestibility of crude fiber varies from 0 to 97%. There is still no conclusion on the fiber level in diets for growing-finishing pigs. It is generally believed that for growing pigs around 20 kg body weight, the dietary crude fiber level is 6%. Some also believe that the level of neutral detergent fiber with low lignin should be less than or equal to 15%. Some experts believe that the crude fiber level in sow diets is 10%-12%. If the crude fiber level in the diet is too high, it reduces the digestibility of feed organic matter and energy. Increasing crude fiber in the diet by 1% reduces total energy digestibility by about 3.5%. It has also been reported to affect protein digestibility. In diets in the late finishing period, a higher level of crude fiber can be used to limit feed intake, reduce body fat deposition, and improve carcass quality. For every 1 percentage point increase in crude fiber content in the diet, backfat thickness is reduced by about 0.5 mm.
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What to Do About Phenol Poisoning in Dogs? Emergency First Aid Basics, Part Two
Phenol-based preparations are widely used in public health disinfection and in veterinary clinical work, with common preparations including carbolic acid, Lysol, guaiacol, xylene and others. As a corrosive agent and sterilizing agent, phenol can be used to disinfect floors, kennels and large feeding utensils; if a dog licks and ingests a certain amount, poisoning symptoms will appear. Phenol preparations can cause damage to the nervous system. Skin in contact with phenol preparations becomes red and exudes fluid. The affected dog is listless, vomits, has tonic convulsions and paralysis. During treatment, the local skin should be washed clean with water, then use 10% ethanol
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Basic principles for winter mutton sheep fattening: mutton is profitable, but raising sheep requires caution
Mutton is profitable, but raising sheep requires caution. Basic principles of winter mutton sheep fattening
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Basic knowledge and key points beginners need to master for raising sheep
What is the basic knowledge of raising sheep? Several key points beginners need to master for raising sheep
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How is ammonia nitrogen degraded in aquaculture water? These basics you need to know
Friends in aquaculture may all know that controlling the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water is very important. Therefore, how to effectively control ammonia nitrogen and degrade ammonia nitrogen has also become something every...
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What are the basic principles of fish health management
The concept of fish health management is that fish raised under such conditions will achieve optimal growth rate, feed conversion rate, reproduction rate and survival rate. Maintaining a high-quality aquatic environment and feeding nutritionally balanced feed are very important for maintaining fish health and preventing fish from becoming diseased. Proper fish health management should aim at environmental, nutritional, economic and other factors to prevent fish diseases rather than focusing on treating fish diseases. The following are some basic principles of fish health management. 1. Pay attention to the environment
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Basic Methods and Procedures for Diagnosing Chicken Diseases: Laboratory Pathological Diagnosis
Take the typical tissues and organs of a dead chicken, cut them into pieces 1.5-3mm x 5mm in size, soak the tissues in 10% formalin solution or 95% alcohol for fixation, then section and stain the fixed tissue samples, and examine the pathological changes under a microscope. In poultry disease diagnosis, histopathological examination is used for: Marek's disease of chickens and avian leukosis to examine tumors; infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens, inclusion body hepatitis of chickens, fowl pox, etc. to examine inclusion bodies; avian encephalomyelitis, Marek's disease of chickens, etc. to examine brain and spinal cord lesions. The histopathology of certain infectious diseases in chickens has relatively characteristic changes
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Detailed Explanation of the Basic Principles for the Use of Fishery Drugs
The use of fishery drugs is based on the basic principle of not harming human health and not damaging the aquatic ecological environment. In the aquaculture process, the prevention and control of diseases and pests in aquatic animals must adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention, with treatment as a supplement. The use of fishery drugs should strictly follow the regulations of the state and relevant departments, and it is strictly prohibited to produce, sell and use fishery drugs that have not obtained a production license, approval number, or production standard. Actively encourage the research, development, production and use of fishery drugs that are highly effective, fast-acting, long-lasting, and have low toxicity, few side effects and small dosage, and advocate the use of drugs specifically for aquatic products, biological fishery drugs and fishery biological
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