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Occurrence and Control Methods of Potato Tuber Rot Nematode
Fengning and Weichang counties in the north of Chengde City plant more than 40,000 hectares of potatoes annually, producing more than 800 million kg of seed potatoes and commercial potatoes per year, with about 120 million kg stored in winter, making it one of the four major potato production bases in the country. In recent years, the damage caused by the potato tuber rot nematode has led to great losses in stored potatoes. In 1994, it caused 5%-7% loss of stored potatoes, and in severely affected potato cellars, losses reached as high as 20%-30%. According to the currently retrieved data, this nematode is widely distributed in potato-growing areas of Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa
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Occurrence Patterns and Control Methods of the Potato Tuber Moth
The potato tuber moth, also known as the potato borer and the tobacco leafminer, is commonly called the "string-skin worm," "embroidery worm," and "potato maggot" by farmers. 1. Damage symptoms: The larvae cause damage mainly by boring and feeding, usually entering through the buds and broken skin of the tubers. Larvae hatched on the plant spin silk and spread with the wind, boring from the leaf surface into the leaf interior to feed and cause damage. After the damaged leaves wither and die, the larvae move to other leaves to cause damage. 2. Occurrence patterns: The potato tuber moth produces several generations a year, overwintering in various stages on mother tubers in the field and on the residual plants and fallen leaves of various hosts. Adult
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Potato spindle tuber disease
[Virus English name] Potato spindle tuber viroid [Host crops] Potato, tomato, etc. [Disease diagnosis] Diseased plants have upright stems with very few branches. Leaves are held upright, and the angle between the petiole and the stem becomes smaller; leaf margins are wavy or curl upward, and leaves are stiff and brittle with a dark green color; leaves become smaller and curl into a half-closed, twisted shape. At the bud stage, plant growth is noticeably delayed, leaf color becomes lighter and sometimes yellowed, and severely diseased plants are stunted. Tubers are elongated, or one end is more pointed, forming a spindle shape, with
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Potato tubers infected with Phytophthora cause cellar rot
Symptoms: Slightly sunken dark or purple lesions appear in patches on the surface of the tubers, extending less than 1cm into the tuber. White mold is generally not easy to see, but when humidity in the cellar is high, white mold grows on the diseased area, which is the pathogen's sporangiophores and sporangia. This causes cellar rot. For the pathogen, transmission routes and disease conditions, see Potato Diseases - Potato Late Blight. For control methods, see Potato Dry Rot.
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How should Gastrodia elata tubers be selected for use as seed?
Gastrodia elata tubers that are undamaged, free of pests and diseases, and not deformed are best for cultivation as seed. However, when seed is in short supply, tubers with minor damage can also be used for cultivation as seed after treatment. The treatment method is: first cut away the damaged part with a knife or bamboo strip, sun-dry the cut surface until it no longer exudes sap, and then plant it; generally it will grow as normal. When large white Gastrodia tubers are cultivated as seed, after 1 year they can become 1 large arrow tuber. When arrow tubers are cultivated as seed for asexual propagation, the "parrot beak"-like mixed bud at the top of the arrow tuber must be broken off, so that the arrow tuber will not produce an arrow (no longer bolt)
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Key Management Points for Greenhouse Potatoes During the Tuber Formation Stage
1. Disease control. Spray in the field at the early stage of disease onset, using 75% thiophanate-methyl at 600-800 times dilution, or 40% carbendazim at 400-600 times dilution, or 600 times dilution of anthracnose fumei, to control anthracnose, powdery mildew, late blight, etc.; use 72% agricultural streptomycin at 20 grams per mu (667 sq m), or 25% qingkuling wettable powder, to control bacterial scab: use 72% puleike aqueous solution, or 30% eduling aqueous solution at 800 times dilution, or 70% mancozeb wettable powder at 500 times dilution, to control fusarium wilt and gray mold; use 20%
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Identification and Prevention of Physiological Disorders in Atlantic Potato Tubers
The Atlantic potato is a high-quality raw material for processing snack foods such as potato chips and French fries. Its growth period is relatively short, and it has strict requirements for the cultivation environment: it needs cool conditions but is not tolerant of low temperatures. During cultivation, freeze protection and fertilizer and water management should be done well to avoid physiological disorders such as black heart, hollow heart, starch leakage, cracking, and deformities, and to improve tuber quality and marketable yield. I. Tuber black heart 1. Symptoms: Irregular patterns ranging from black to blue appear in the center of the tuber. When oxygen deficiency is severe, the entire tuber may turn black. Usu
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How to best select Gastrodia elata tubers for use as seed
Gastrodia elata tubers that are undamaged, free of pests and diseases, and free of deformities are best for cultivation as seed. However, when seed is in short supply, tubers with minor damage can also be treated and used for cultivation as seed. The treatment method is: first cut away the damaged part with a knife or bamboo slice, sun-dry the cut surface until it no longer bleeds sap, then plant, and generally they will grow as normal. When large white Gastrodia tubers are cultivated as seed, after 1 year they can become 1 large arrow Gastrodia tuber. When arrow Gastrodia tubers are cultivated as seed for asexual propagation, the mixed bud at the tip of the arrow tuber that looks like a "parrot's beak" must be pinched off, so that the arrow tuber will not produce an arrow (no longer send up a stem), which is called "extinguishing the arrow." After
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How to select and store sweet potato seed tubers? These methods you need to master
1. Timely harvest: If sweet potatoes are harvested too early, the yield is lower; if harvested too late, they are prone to frost damage, which affects storage. Therefore, it is generally best to begin harvesting when the temperature is around 18°C, and finish harvesting when the temperature is above 10°C (that is, before the frost-kill period). 2. Carefully select tubers: When harvesting and selecting good sweet potato varieties, you must dig and cut carefully to avoid wounds. In order to produce more sprouts, strong sprouts and lower costs, tubers weighing 150-200 g should be selected as seed. The selected tubers must be disease-free, free from flood damage, and also have the typical characteristics of the variety. At harvest,
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What are the fan fern and the tuberous sword fern? Get to know these two ferns
Scientific name: Nephrolepis auriculata. Common name: tuberous sword fern. Family and genus: Polypodiaceae, genus Neocheiropteris. Plant category: medium-sized terrestrial fern. Morphological features: plant height 60 cm. Rhizome thick and creeping horizontally, densely covered with scales, dark brown. Fronds distant, nearly papery, sparsely covered with small brown scales beneath. Stipe 30-45 cm long. Blade 25-30 cm long, fan-shaped. Veins reticulate, areoles dense with included branched veinlets. Spores
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